天然石棉引起环境低浓度石棉纤维污染的癌症风险评价  

Assessment of the health risk likely to be caused by the environmental exposure to low dose asbestos fibers

作　　者：韦炳干[1,2] 杨林生[1] 贾贤杰[3] 叶必雄[1] 张彪[1,2] 张秀武 虞江平[1] 陆荣安 董廷荣 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]蚌埠医学院预防医学系,安徽蚌埠233030 [4]山东省东营市环保局,山东东营257091 [5]云南省大姚县疾病预防与控制中心,云南大姚675400 [6]云南省楚雄州疾病预防与控制中心,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第4期255-258,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071064)

摘　　要：利用相差显微镜对大姚县土壤和岩石中青石棉矿物引起的农村大气环境石棉纤维浓度进行分析测定,并利用总癌症、肺癌和间皮瘤分析模型对大气环境石棉污染对当地居民的健康风险进行评价。结果表明,大姚县农村大气石棉纤维平均浓度为0.003 75 f/mL,最大浓度达到0.029 7 f/mL,表明其大气环境已经受到石棉纤维的普遍污染。环境石棉纤维污染的总癌症风险、肺癌风险和间皮瘤风险分别达到86.3×10-5、291.48×10-5和7.1×10-5,表明大姚县农村大气环境石棉纤维污染对当地居民身体健康具有严重的影响。另外,由于当地居民对环境石棉纤维的暴露为终生暴露,因此年龄越大的人群的总癌症风险、肺癌风险和间皮瘤风险越高。The given paper is aimed at introducing our work on the assessment of health hazard likely to be caused by the environmental exposure to the low-dose asbestos fibers. For our research purpose, we collected 48 air samples in Jan., 2011, from Dayao County, Yun- nan. We have determined the concentrations of asbestos fibers in the air caused by crocidolite mineral in the soft and rock by phase-contract microscopy along with an evaluation of human health risks by using the assessment model for surveying the general cancer, lung cancer and mesothelioma. The results of our evaluation indicate that the mean and maximum concentrations of asbestos fibers in rural air of Dayao were 0.003 75 f/mL and 0.029 7 f/mL, respectively. This indicates that the rural air of Bayao county has been broadly contaminated by the asbestos fibers, mainly derived from crocidolite mineral in the soil and the rock, due to the disturbance of human activities and climatic and meteorological factors. The mean risks of the general cancer, lung cancer and mesothelioma caused by asbestos fibers in the air were 86.3 × 10^-5, 291.48 × 10^-5 and 7.1 × 10^-5, respectively. To be exact, the minimum risk rates of general cancer, lung cancer and mesothelioma were 69 ×10^-5, 267.65 × 10^-5, and 0.57 ×10^-5, while those of maximum liability were 683.1 ×10^-5, 470.99 × 10^-5, and 56 × 10^-5correspondingly. All the facts indicate that the health of local residents has been significantly influenced by asbestos fibers in the air. Actually, they have been suffering such an exposure over years. As a result, the risk-inciuence rates of the above said cancers are usually higher for elderly residents than for young, particularly higher for the seventy-aged people than for the forties. This suggests that the risks of such cancers were significantly influenced by the year-long exposures, which reflects that the incidence of such cancers in Dayao are also remarkably influenced by the asbestos fiber concentrations in the air.

关 键 词：环境学 石棉纤维 癌症 间皮瘤 肺癌 健康风险 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]