不同灌溉模式下金盏花水分动态研究  

Dynamic changes of soil water of marigold field under different irrigation patterns

作　　者：钱永康[1] 何庆祥[1] 赵继荣[1] 雒淑珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农垦农业研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《草业科学》2012年第8期1272-1277,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD8807);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(098TTCH002;0708NKCH076)

摘　　要：以金盏花(Tagetes erecta)为试验材料,通过人工控制灌水量的试验,比较了垄作与平作不同灌溉模式下,水分在0～80cm剖面上的动态迁移规律,并分析了不同灌水模式下的灌溉效率和肥料利用效率。结果表明,金盏花从播种至拔节期,0～40cm土层土壤含水量平作各处理均高于相应的垄作各处理,但经过拔节期稳定之后,垄作沟灌的土壤含水量要高于平作各处理;垄作沟灌各处理的深层(40～80cm)土壤水分含量均大于其相应平作处理。金盏花田的土壤水分纵深分布基本呈明显的"W"型分布,垄作沟灌的总产量均略高于相应的平作漫灌,A2B1(垄作沟灌4 200m3.hm-2)与A2B3(垄作沟灌3 000m3.hm-2)的总产量基本相当,而A2B2(垄作沟灌3 600m3.hm-2)处理最高,与A1B1(平作漫灌4 200m3.hm-2)差异显著,比A1B1增产25%。水分和肥料利用率分别为139.94kg.mm-1.hm-2和24.9%。垄作沟灌与常规耕作比较,有效地提高了土壤含水量,具有较好的节水作用,增产效果明显。Jinzhan flower （Tagetes erecta） is also called marigold and cultivated in large area used as ornamental flowers to beautify and purify the environment or as a characteristic economy crop to extract natural pigments. In this study, marigold plants were used as experimental materials to determine effects of different patterns of irrigation and fertilization on distribution of nitrate and water in the soil profile （0--80 cm）, irrigation efficiency and utilization rate of fertilizers. The results showed that 0--40 cm soil moisture contents of flatten culture treatments were higher than those of corresponding ridge culture treatments from sowing to jointing stage. However, after jointing stage the soil moisture content of ridge furrow irrigation was higher than that of flatten flood irrigation. The 40--80 cm soil moisture content of each ridge furrow irrigation treatment was larger than that of the corresponding flatten culture treatment. The soil water vertical distribution of marigold field showed a ＂W＂ type. Total marigold yield of the ridge furrow irrigation was higher than that of the corresponding conventional irrigation. The utilization rate of water and fertilization were 139.94 kg. mm · ha 1 and 24.9%, respectively. Thus, the ridge furrow irrigation, compared with conventional tillage, effectively improved the soil moisture and water use efficiency, and increased production significantly.

关 键 词：金盏花 垄作沟灌 土壤水分 产量 水分利用率 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] Q945.17[农业科学—农业基础科学]