小麦与无融合生殖披碱草(Elymus rectisetus)属间杂种F_1的形态学和细胞遗传学研究  

Morphology and Cytogenetics of the Intergeneric Hybrid between Triticum aestivum and Apomictic Elymus rectisetus

作　　者：高建伟[1] 孙其信[1] 孙振山[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物遗传育种系 [2]山东省农业科学院作物所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《作物学报》2000年第3期271-277,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

摘　　要：Elymus rectisetus( Nees in L ehm ) A.L ove et Connor是目前小麦族 ( Triticeae)中发现的唯一的无融合生殖种。本研究以普通小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.;2 n=6x=4 2 ,AABBDD)为母本 ,以E.rectisetus( 2 n=6x=4 2 ,SSYYWW)为父本进行杂交 ,经过幼胚拯救获得了属间杂种 F1。杂种 F1分蘖力强 ,具有多年生习性 ,其形态特征偏向于父本。杂种 F1高度雄性不育 ,自交不结实。对杂种根尖体细胞的细胞学观察发现 ,杂种 F1体细胞染色体数 2 n=9x=63( SSYYWWABD) ,其中 2 1条来自普通小麦 ,4 2条来自 E.rectisetus。花粉母细胞染色体配对频率为 :2 2 .69 +16.15rod +3.0 1ring +0 .83 +0 .0 1 。小麦白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明 ,杂种 F1及父本 E.rectisetus表现免疫 ,而母本Fukuhokomugi高度感染白粉病。上述杂种的获得为将 E.rectisetus无融合生殖基因及抗白粉病基因向小麦中转育奠定了基础。Elymus rectisetus ((Nees in Lehm) A Lve et Connor) is the only apomictic species found in the Triticeae. The intergeneric hybrid between T.aestivum cv. Fukuhokomugi (AABBDD, 2n=42) and apomictic E.rectisetus accession 1050 was obtained through sexual hybridization followed by embryo rescue technique. The F 1 hybrid is vigorous and perennial in growth habit, but completely male sterile. The characters of the F 1 hydrid was morphologically intermediate between their parents, but generally resembled the male parent E.rectisetus accession 1050. The F 1 hybrid have 63 chromosomes among which 21 come from T.aestivum cv. Fukuhokomugi and 42 from unreduced pollen of E.rectisetus accession 1050. Examination of pollen mother cells at metaphase Ⅰ revealed an average chromosome pairing pattern of 22.69Ⅰ+16.15rodⅡ+3.01ringⅡ+0.83Ⅲ+0.01Ⅳ. It was also found that the F 1 hybrid and its male parent E.rectisetus accession 1050 were highly resistant to powdery mildew. Production of the intergeneric hybrid between Triticum aestivum and apomictic Elymus rectisetus will be useful for transfering gene(s) of apomixis and resistance to powdery mildew from E.rectisetus into wheat.

关 键 词：无融合生殖 小麦 属间杂交 形态学 细胞遗传学 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]