劳动密集型与非城市化转移:中国农村工业模式解析  

Labor-intensive and non-urbanization transfer: Analysis on China 's rural industrial model

作　　者：王新[1] 

机构地区：[1]石家庄经济学院经贸学院,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《经济学家》2012年第9期48-55,共8页Economist

摘　　要：中国的工业化与农村劳动力转移的一个突出特点是,1.4亿多农民转移到工业部门的同时,却没有离开农村地区,因而显示出两条截然不同的转移和工业化路径:其一是城市化,其二是发展农村工业。中国农村工业的高度发达不仅得益于改革和制度创新,也得益于农村要素市场所具有的广度和厚度——既存在着剩余劳动力,同时也存在着资本市场和隐性土地市场。但由于农村工业多数属于"技术短缺-劳动密集型"产业,因而伴随着城市化的推进、汇率和劳动力成本的改变,农村工业遇到了前所未有的挑战,这使得农村工业这种廉价劳动力转移模式又具有了浅化和不稳定性质。未来农村工业的发展不仅取决于技术创新能力,还取决于农村剩余劳动力对城乡的选择偏好。The Chinese industrialization and transfer of rural labor force feature that over 140 million peasants do not leave rural areas when transferred into the industrial sector. As a result, there emerge two distinctly different paths of transfer and industrialization： urbanization and rural industrial development. What＇ s more, the highly developed rural industry of China benefits from both the reform and system innovation and the width and depth of rural factor markets - - the coexistence of surplus labor force and capital and invisible land markets. However, due to the fact that the rural industry mostly belongs to the“skill lacking and labor intensive”industry, it meets unprecedented challenges with the advancement of urbanization and the change of exchange rate and labor costs. This makes rural industry, the transfer model of cheap labor force, instable land less effective. The future rural industrial development depends on not only the capacity of technological innovation but also the city preference of rural surplus labor.

关 键 词：劳动力转移 农村工业 城市化 

分 类 号：F320.2[经济管理—产业经济]