叶表皮及种皮特征在黄精族系统学研究中的应用  

A systematic study on the trib .Polygonateae(Liliaceaes.l.) with reference to the evidence from leaf abaxial epidermis and seed coat

作　　者：吕海亮[1] 吴世安[1] 杨继[1] 饶广远[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《植物分类学报》2000年第1期30-42,共13页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!395 0 0 0 1 1

摘　　要：通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对黄精族trib .Polygonateae 7属 79种以及相关类群 1 2属 1 5种的叶下表皮形态及种皮微形态进行了观察。结果表明广义黄精族植物的叶表皮形态和种皮形态可分别分为 4种类型和 6种类型。在黄精族中 ,鹿药属Smilacina和黄精属Polygonatum的叶表皮和种皮特征在属内表现出一定的多样性 ,据此可将黄精属植物分为两类 :第一类多表现为叶表皮细胞形状不规则 ,其垂周壁为波曲形或无皱褶但弯曲 ,种皮表面浅穴状 ;另一类叶表皮细胞形状为长方形或菱形 ,其垂周壁直或无皱褶但弯曲 ,种皮表面具脊状突起或网状结构。其中 ,叶表皮细胞垂周壁无皱褶但弯曲为过渡类型 ,在两类植物中均有表现。本研究结果还显示出竹根七属Disporopsis和黄精属的互叶类以及鹿药属同具有波状垂周壁的叶表皮细胞和穴型种皮。舞鹤草属Maianthemum和鹿药属的S.stellata ,S .trifolia等的种皮特征相似。万寿竹属Disporum的叶表皮特征在属内表现得相当一致 ,但种皮特征在东亚分布的种和北美分布的种之间区别明显。扭柄花属Streptopus叶表皮和种皮特征在属内没有分化。卵叶扭柄花S .ovalis的叶表皮和种皮特征与属内其它种之间没有区别 ,确证了它在本属中的位置。扭柄花属、万寿竹属、七筋菇属Clintonia与黄精族其?Themorphologicalfeaturesofleafabaxialepidermisandmicromorphologicalfeaturesof testawereobservedinthetribePolygonateae(Liliaceae ,s.l.) .Seventyninespeciesfrom 7genera ofPolygonateaeand 1 5speciesfrom 1 2generaofrelatedtribeswereexaminedwithlightmicroscope andSEM .InPolygonateae,thefeaturesofleafandseedcoatshoweddiversityinthegeneraPolyg onatumandSmilacina .Accordingtothecharacteristicsoftheleafabaxialepidermisandseedcoat, Polygonatumcouldberoughlycategorizedastwogroups.Onewascharacterizedbytheirregular shapeandthesinuateanticlinalwallofepidermalcellsandtheshallowpitsonthetesta,theother wascharacterizedbytherectangularorrhombicshapeandthestraightanticlinalwallofepidermal cellsandtheridgeandreseauontheseedcoat.Insomeplantsofthetwogroups,theanticlinalwall ofepidermalcellswasfoundtobecurvedratherthansinuate,andmightbeofanintermediatena ture .TheleafepidermisandseedcoatshowedcommonfeaturesamongDisporopsis,Smilacinaand Polygonatum .TheseedcoatofMaianthemumwasfoundtobeofthesamefeaturesasthatofSmi lacinastellataandS .trifolia .Disporumpossesseduniformleafepidermicalfeatures,butthe speciesdistributedineasternAsiashoweddifferentfeaturesofseedcoatfromthoseinNorthAmeri ca.ThefeaturesofleafepidermisandseedcoatwereuniformwithinthegenusStreptopus.S .o valiswasindistinguishablefromotherspeciesinthegenusinthefeaturesofleafepidermisandtesta , thusitspositioninthegenuswasconfirmed .Streptopus,DisporumandClintoniawerequitediffer entfromtheremaininggenerainthePolygonateaeinthefeaturesofleafepidermisandtesta.The firsttwogenerashowedresemblancetoTricyrtisandUvulariaofUvulariaceae,andthusDahlgren’s viewpointthattheyshouldbemovedtoUvulariaceaewascorroborated .Amongtheoutgroupsstud ied ,onlyConvallariashowedsimilaritytoPolygonataeinthefeaturesofleafepidermisandtesta .

关 键 词：黄精族 系统学 叶表皮 种皮 形态特征 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]