黄花蔺的繁育系统研究  

Studies on the breeding system of Limnocharis flava(Butomaceae)

作　　者：宋志平[1] 郭友好[1] 黄双全[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学生命科学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《植物分类学报》2000年第1期53-59,共7页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金! (NSFC ;No.395 70 0 5 4 )

摘　　要：黄花蔺Limnocharisflava(Linn .)Buch .的蝎尾状聚伞花序上通常产生两性花 2～ 1 3朵 ,单花花期 5～ 1 3h。自然居群中观察到 ,花开放后有两种甲虫访花 ,但外围数轮无花药的退化雄蕊限制了花粉向外散布 ,内轮雄蕊上花药开裂后花粉直接落在自花的柱头上。花被片闭合后内轮花被片萎蔫成液体 ,促进了花粉在柱头上萌发。花粉与胚珠的比值为 930± 1 80 ( 65 0～ 1 1 2 0 ) ,属于较经济的自花传粉类型。果实成熟后花序倒伏 ,其顶端产生的营养芽萌发形成新的营养苗。一个基株一年内可产生 6～ 2 0个营养苗。黄花蔺自花传粉结实率达 80 % ,每果实产生种子 4 70～ 64 0枚。黄花蔺近距离扩散以营养繁殖形成的新植株完成 ,长距离扩散或占领新生境以及抵抗干旱则依靠种子。人工去雄、套袋及授粉实验表明 ,黄花蔺的繁育系统是以自交为主的混合交配类型 ,并可能是由异交向自交演化的。Limnocharisflava (Linn .)Buch .normallyproduced 2～ 1 3bisexualflowersina cincinnus (scorpioidcyme) .Theanthesisofeachflowerlasted 5～ 1 3hours.Innaturalpopula tions,twospeciesofbeetleswereobservedvisitingtheflowersinbloom .Severalwhorlsofstamin odesoutsideofthestamenslimitedthepollentodisperseoutward ,andmadethepollendepositonly onthestigmaofthesameflower.Aftertheperianthclosed ,theinnerperianthchangedintoliquid whichcreatedasuitableenvironmentforpollengermination .Thepollen ovuleratio,whichranged from 6 50to 1 1 2 0 (930± 1 80 )reflectsaneconomicalself pollinationsystem .Asthefruitsma turied ,theinflorescencefelltogroundormud ,andthevegetativebuds (i.e .vegetativecompo nents) ,developedattheapexoftheinflorescence ,grewintonewvegetativeshoots.Onemother plantusuallycouldproduce 6～ 2 0newvegetativeshootsinalifecycle .OnefruitofL .flavacon tained 470～ 6 4 0seeds,withanaverageseed setrateofabout80 % .TheseedsofLimnocharisfla vacoulddispersealongdistanceandoccupynewsuitablehabitatstoestablishnewpopulations.The vegetativebuds,however,predominantlycouldonlyspreadtonearbyplacesandthusenlargethe sizeofthepopulation .Resultsfromsomeartificialtreatments,suchasemasculatingandnetting ,e masculatingandbagging ,hand pollinating ,netting ,andbagging ,indicatethatL .flavaisselfing ingeneralbutalsocross compatible.Basedontheaboveresults,itisconsideredthatthebreeding systemofL .flavaispredominantlyselfing,butmixedwithoutcrossing,andthelikelyevolutionary tendencyisfromoutcrossingtoselfing .

关 键 词：黄花蔺 繁育系统 自花传粉 演化 花蔺科 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]