弗兰克-赫兹实验中电流信号强度随温度变化的现象  

Study on the variation of current signal intensity in Franck-Hertz experiment

作　　者：唐爽[1,2] 白翠琴[2] 马世红[2] 

机构地区：[1]麻省理工学院材料科学与工程系,美国马萨诸塞州剑桥市02139 [2]复旦大学物理系,上海200433

出　　处：《大学物理》2012年第9期50-52,60,共4页College Physics

摘　　要：弗兰克-赫兹实验中,IP-VG2K信号的强度会随温度和灯丝电压而变化.本文发现在温度低于160℃时,IP-VG2K信号强度随温度的升高而减小;当温度超过170℃后,信号随温度的升高而增大.本文提出了电场中Hg蒸气被热电离的模型,利用热力学平衡定律和Le Chteler原理,对此现象提出了合理的解释并通过了实验的验证.In the Franck-Hertz experiment, the intensity of iYp-V varies with the temperature of the oven and the voltage of the filament. We find that the intensity of Ip-V signal decreases with the temperature when the tem-perature is below 160 ℃, and increases with the temperature when the temperature is higher than 170 ℃. We then introduce the model of thermal excitation and ionization, which explains such phenomenon when the law of thermal-dynamic equilibrium and the Le Chateler＇s law are applied. After that, we have designed some additional experi- ments, whose results support our postulation.

关 键 词：弗兰克-赫兹实验 Ip-VG2K信号强度 热电离 

分 类 号：O562.2[理学—原子与分子物理]