马克思与凯恩斯经济危机理论比较研究  

A Contrastive Study of Marx's Economic Crisis Theory and Keynes'

作　　者：谭顺[1] 栾会清[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学马克思主义学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《山东理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第4期5-9,共5页Journal of Shandong University of Technology（Social Sciences Edition）

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划基金项目"当前中国消费不足的分类治理研究"(10CJGJ45)相关研究成果

摘　　要：马克思与凯恩斯的经济危机理论是两种经典的资本主义经济危机理论。马克思经济危机理论产生于自由竞争资本主义阶段,立足于资本主义社会发展规律,其任务是根除经济危机;而凯恩斯经济危机理论产生于垄断资本主义阶段,立足于资本主义经济发展的异常波动,任务在于熨平经济的周期性波动。马克思认为经济危机产生的原因是劳动者绝对贫困,实质是生产相对过剩,彻底消除经济危机的办法是生产关系变革;而凯恩斯认为经济危机产生的原因是消费倾向降低,实质是有限需求不足,治理经济危机的办法是刺激消费需求。相比较而言,马克思以资本主义社会整体发展规律为视角,把经济危机作为社会问题,理论视野更为宏阔;凯恩斯则以经济发展规律为视角,仅把经济危机视为经济问题,理论视野及适用范围相对局促,从而影响其理论的生命力。Both Marx＇s economic crisis theory and Keynes＇ theory are two classical theories on capitalism economic crisis.Marx＇s theory came into being when capitalism was still at its free competitive stage,on the basis of exploring the development laws of capitalism society with the purpose of eliminating economic crisis,while Keynes＇ theory was formed when capitalism entered the monopolistic stage,on the basis of exploring abnormal fluctuations of capitalistic development with the purpose of smoothing the periodical fluctuations of economy.Marx held that the absolute poverty of the labor caused economic crisis,and its nature was the relative surplus of production,and pointed out that the way to eliminate the economic crisis was to reform the relations of production.Keynes held that the drop in consumption inclination caused the economic crisis,and its nature was limited demands,and pointed out that the way to pave away the economic crisis was to stimulate consumption demands.A comparison of these two kinds of theories shows that Marx＇s theory,taking the laws of the capitalistic society development as a perspective,has adopted a much broader theoretical horizon by regarding the economic crisis as a social problem,while Keynes＇ theory,taking the laws of economic development as a perspective,has a relatively limited theoretical horizon and application range,which in turn limits its theoretical vitality.

关 键 词：经济危机 马克思 凯恩斯 

分 类 号：F037.2[经济管理—政治经济学]