磨料水射流钻头破岩过程的力学分析  

Mechanical analysis of rock breaking by an abrasive water jet bit

作　　者：卢义玉[1] 沈晓莹[1] 汤积仁[1] 夏彬伟[1] 王景环[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学复杂煤气层瓦斯抽采国家地方联合工程实验室煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室资源与环境科学学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2012年第4期531-535,共5页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委创新研究群体基金项目(50921063);重庆市杰出青年基金项目(CSTC,2009BA6047);国家自然科学基金项目(51104191)

摘　　要：研究发现钻孔孔底凸台是限制钻头钻进速度的关键因素,为了消除凸台,提高钻进速度,提出利用磨料水射流钻头破碎硬岩.对原三翼钻头和磨料水射流钻头破岩过程进行了受力分析得出原三翼钻头硬岩钻进时破岩方式为磨削,磨料水射流钻头破岩方式为切削.实验室硬岩钻进实验表明:缩小前导钻头刀片间距的改良型钻头钻进速度是原三翼钻头的1.57倍,扭矩比原三翼钻头增大了11.3%,且磨损加剧;磨料水射流钻头钻进速度是原三翼钻头的3.72倍,扭矩比原三翼钻头减小34.0%,未见明显磨损.理论分析和实验结果表明,磨料水射流钻头从根本上解决了硬岩钻进时速度慢,刀具磨损大的问题.The boss at the hole bottom is a key factor that limits drilling speed. The boss was eliminated and drilling speed increased by using an abrasive water jet bit to drill in hard rock. Force analysis shows that the mode of rock breaking during hard rock drilling by a three wings bit is by grinding. However, the mode is by cutting when an abrasive water jet is used. Hard rock drilling experiments showed that the drilling speed was 1. 57 times faster using an improved bit with reduced blade distance of the leading bit compared to the original three wings bit. At the same time torque increased by 11.3%, and the observed wear is serious. The drill- ing speed using an abrasive water jet bit is 3.72 times faster than the original three wings bit and the torque is reduced by 34.0% with no evident wear. Theoretical analysis and experimen- tal results showed that low drilling speeds and serious wear encountered while drilling in hard rock can be completely resolved by using an abrasive water jet bit.

关 键 词：钻头 破岩方式 钻孔速度 扭矩 

分 类 号：TD41[矿业工程—矿山机电]