中国海相层系多元生烃及其示踪技术  

Multiple hydrocarbon generation of marine strata and its tracer technique in China

作　　者：刘文汇[1] 王杰[1] 腾格尔[1] 秦建中[1] 饶丹[1] 陶成[1] 卢龙飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所中国石油化工集团公司油气成藏重点实验室,江苏无锡214151

出　　处：《石油学报》2012年第A01期115-125,共11页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2012CB214801);石油化工联合基金重点项目(40739902)资助

摘　　要：中国海相层系具有时代老、时空跨度大、烃源类型多等特点,绝大多数烃源处于高—过成熟演化阶段,存在多种烃源复合成烃转化过程,给油气成藏和油气源对比研究带来诸多困难。根据中国海相烃源的特点,按照烃源的可溶性将其划分为不溶、可溶和酸溶有机质3大类型。同时按照烃源的形成过程,将其分为原始烃源(岩)、再生烃源和化学烃源,海相原始烃源有机质有其独特的显微生物组合和赋存形式。通过仿真生烃模拟,揭示不同类型烃源的产烃率变化特征,特别是不同类型可溶有机质(古油藏、分散可溶有机质和沥青等)产率与原始状态密切相关。鉴于不同烃源的复杂性和演化的特殊性,从不同烃源的生物标记化合物特征、同位素组成特征和微量元素特征入手,有效揭示出次生烃源与烃源岩中干酪根的亲缘关系。利用元素、生物标志化合物、稳定同位素以及稀有气体同位素有效组合从物质来源、关键时间和成藏过程进行示踪指标技术集成,发展了中国海相层系的油气形成与成藏的有机—无机示踪体系。China＇s marine strata are characterized by the old age, large time-space span, many types of hydrocarbon sources, etc. Most of the hydrocarbon sources are in the highly mature-overmature stage and experience multiple hydrocarbon generation conver- sion process, resulting in a number of difficulties on correlation study of oil and gas accumulation and oil and gas source. According to the characteristics of China＇s marine hydrocarbon source, the variety of hydrocarbon sources is divided into three major types： in- soluble, soluble and acid-soluble organic matte in terms of solubility, and into original hydrocarbon source （rocks）, regeneration hy- drocarbon source and chemical hydrocarbon source in terms of forming process. Marine original hydrocarbon source organic matter has its unique microorganism combination and occurrence form. The simulation of hydrocarbon generation reveals the variation of hy- drocarbon production rate for different types of hydrocarbon sources, in particular, production rate of different types of soluble or- ganic matters （paleo-reservoir, dispersed soluble organic matter, and asphalt, etc. ） is closely related to the original state. In view of complexity and evolution particularity of different hydrocarbon sources, the genetic relationship between secondary hydrocarbon source and kerogen in the hydrocarbon source rock is effectively revealed from biomarker compound, isotopic composition and trace element characteristics of different hydrocarbon sources. Tracer indicator technology is integrated by effective combination of materi- al sources, critical time and accumulation process with the elements, biomarker compound, stable isotope and rare gas isotopes, and further develops organic-inorganic tracking system of oil and gas formation and accumulation in China＇s marine strata.

关 键 词：海相层系 多种烃源 成烃生物 成烃转化 油气成藏示踪 

分 类 号：TE112.11[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]