广东微波发射设备场所的微波泄漏情况  

Microwave leakages of the microwave transmitter working place in Guangdong Province

作　　者：黎世林[1] 唐国汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广州市510300

出　　处：《职业与健康》2012年第15期1838-1840,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的为了解广东省的铁路微波通讯、电力系统、移动电话微波通讯、微波电信通讯的微波发射设备作业场所的微波泄漏的实际情况,为研究微波泄漏的防治对策及综合治理提供依据。方法按照GBZ/T 189.5-2007工作场所物理因素测量(微波辐射)》等国家职业卫生标准,对同一机房不同机型、不同频率的发射机前分别进行强度测量,对不同系统作业环境的微波泄漏强度分别进行统计分析。结果共调查了51个机房,共85台发射机,测得1 206个点次数。移动通讯的使用频率主要在0.85～1.80 G,电力、铁路、电信通讯、广播电视的使用频率主要在1～13 G的频率范围。微波机前测得微波泄漏最大值为300μW/cm2,机房测得最大值为101μW/cm2,天线下测得最大值为160μW/cm2。从总的测量结果上看,超过微波作业场所的卫生标准允许值(50μW/cm2)的有7个机房,占总机房数的13.7%。机前超标台数为7台,占总台机数的8.2%。其余机前、机房的微波泄漏均在卫生标准容许值以下。结论部分的国产机和进口的旧机的微波泄漏较大,进口的新机的微波泄漏较少,工作人员在机器的维修和天线的调试作业其间会受到不同程度的微波辐射,少数作业人员有时会受到瞬间的较大剂量的微波辐射。建议继续加强微波泄漏的动态观察,加强防护措施,减少职业危害的产生。[Objective]To study the microwave leakages of microwave transmitter working place for railway microwave communication,electric power system,mobile microwave communication,microwave telecommunication in Guangdong province,and to provide the evidence for the microwave prevention and comprehensive management[Methods]According to national hygienic standards such as GBZ/T 189.5-2007 ＂Measurement of Physical Agents in Workplace（Microwave Radiation）＂ etc,the microwave leakages of the different model,different frequency of the transmitter in the same room were measured.The microwave leakage intensity in different system operating environment was analyzed statistically.[Results]Totally 1 206 places of 51 machine rooms and 85 microwave transmitters were measured.The radiation frequency range of mobile communication was 0.85-1.8 G,and that of the electric power,railway,telecom and broadcast television was 1-13G..The maximum leakage was 300 μW/cm2 in front of the transmitters,101 μW/cm2 in the machine rooms,160 μW/cm2 under the antenna.In general,7 machine rooms（13.7%） exceeded the microwave workplace health standards limit of 50 μW/cm2.Seven transmitters（8.4%） exceeded the standards in front of the transmitters.The microwave leakages of other transmitters and machine rooms were all under limits.[Conclusion]The microwave leakages of the domestic machine and old imported machines are bigger than new imported machines.Workers doing machine maintenance and antenna regulate are exposed by different degrees of microwave radiation,and a few workers sometimes have been exposed by high dose microwave radiation in short time.The dynamic observation and protective measures should continue to strengthen,so as to reduce the occurrence of occupational damage.

关 键 词：微波 作业场所 泄露 

分 类 号：R145[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]