祁连山北坡自然恢复林地灌木层物种多样性及种间关联动态  

Dynamics of species diversity and interspecific association in shrub layer of naturally restored woodland on northern slope of Qilian Mountains,Northwest China

作　　者：石福习[1] 赵成章[1] 高福元[1] 任珩[1] 盛亚萍[1] 史丽丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第9期2177-2183,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971039和91125014);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1011FKCA157);甘肃省高校基本科研业务费项目;西北师范大学知识与科技创新工程项目(nwnu-KJCXGC-03-66)资助

摘　　要：采用空间代替时间的原则,选择7个主要自然演替群落序列,用多项指标对灌木层物种多样性进行了测度,同时采用2!2列联表,通过方差比率法和χ2检验对不同演替阶段群落灌木层物种总体关联性和主要优势种的种间联结性进行了分析。结果表明:灌木层Gleason指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在针阔混交林阶段相对较高,而均匀度指数在银露梅灌丛群落最高,生态优势度指数则在青海云杉林阶段最高;灌木植物间的正负联结比除山杨白桦混交林>1外,其他群落都<1,反映了演替序列上群落灌木层各物种间的关系以竞争为主;随着群落的演替,灌木层绝大多数种对间的关系逐渐由关联不显著-显著或极显著关联-无关联或关联不显著的方向转变;总体关联性由恢复初期灌丛群落的负关联-阳生性阔叶纯林的负关联-阳生性阔叶混交林的正关联-针阔叶混交林的负关联-中生性针叶林的正关联变化。演替序列上灌木层物种多样性和种间关系的变化,可能与群落结构分层导致的生态位分离与重叠有关。By substituting spatial difference for time change, seven major natural communities representing the succession series of degraded woodland from herbage community to tree community at altitudes from 2468 to 2761 m on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains were selected to measure the species diversity in shrub layer by multiple indices, and the species overall interspecific association and dominant species interspecific association in the shrub layer of the communities at different succession stages were analyzed by variance analysis and χ2 test. Up to 19 shrub species belonging to 10 families and 16 genera were investigated. The results showed that in shrub layer, the species number and Gleason index were the greatest in Picea-Betula community, the Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index were the greatest in Betula community, the evenness index was the greatest in Potentilla glabra community, and the dominance index was the greatest in Picea crassifolia community. Except for Betula-Populus community, all the other communities had a larger number of shrub species pairs with negative association than with positive association, reflecting the interspecific competition relationship of shrub species in the succession series. With the succession of the communities, the interspecific association of most shrub species pairs changed with succession stage, i.e., insignificant at early stage, significant or very significant at middle stage, and null or insignificant at late stage. The species overall interspecific association was negative in the restored shrub community at early stage and in the broadleaved forest dominated by heliophytes, positive in the mixed coniferous forest dominated by heliophytes, negative in the mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest, and positive in the coniferous forest dominated by mesophytes. The changes in the species diversity and interspecific association among the shrub species pairs in the succession series could be related to the niche sepa

关 键 词：恢复林地 灌木层 种间关联 物种多样性 祁连山地 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]