长期施用有机物料下黑土氮素有效性及其与作物产量的关系  

Nitrogen availability in black soils and its relations with crop yields under long-term applications of organic amendments

作　　者：石洪艾[1,2] 尤孟阳[2] 李禄军[2] 韩晓增[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第9期2283-2288,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101283);中国科学院战略性科技先导专项(XDA05050501);联合国开发计划署(UNDP)项目(CPR/06/209-04;08)资助

摘　　要：利用长期定位施肥试验,于2011年采样研究长期施用不同有机物料(秸秆、有机肥)对东北黑土氮素有效性的影响,并分析氮供应与作物生物量及产量的关系。结果表明:化肥配施有机肥、化肥配施低量秸秆均可显著提高黑土农田土壤无机氮和硝态氮含量,进而提高作物产量;尽管化肥配施高量秸秆提高了土壤氮矿化速率,但可能由于硝态氮淋溶或者其他形式的氮素损失或转化,与化肥配施低量秸秆处理相比,化肥配施高量秸秆下土壤无机氮量并没有增加。可见,适量施用有机物料对提高土壤氮素有效性、提高作物产量及保护环境具有重要意义。Based on a long-term field experiment, this paper studied the effects of longterm applications of organic amendments （straw and organic manure） on the nitrogen availability in black soils of Northeast China, and analyzed the relationships between the soil nitrogen supply and the crop biomass and yield. The applications of chemical fertilizer plus organic manure and of chemical fertilizer plus low amounts of straw increased the soil inorganic nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen significantly, and thereby, promoted the crop yields. The application of chemical fertilizer plus high amounts of straw increased the soil nitrogen mineralization rate, but the soil inorganic nitrogen content had less increase, as compared with the application of chemical fertilizer plus low amounts of straw, possibly due to the enhanced soil nitrogen transformation or nitrogen losses such as nitrate nitrogen leaching under high level of straw application. Our study suggested that it would be of importance to apply rational amount of organic amendments to improve the nitrogen availability in black soils, increase the crop yields, and protect the environment.

关 键 词：矿质氮 净氮矿化 潜在氮矿化 秸秆还田 有机肥 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]