红枫湖富营养化水体生态修复中水生植物化学成分  

Chemical components of aquatic plants applied in ecological restoration of eutrophic water in Lake Hongfeng,Guizhou Province of Southwest China

作　　者：王敬富[1,2] 陈敬安[1] 濮培民[3] 李键[1] 杨永琼[1,2] 杨海全[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第9期2312-2318,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B0201);贵阳市科技计划项目;环境地球化学国家重点实验室开放课题项目资助

摘　　要：高原山区深水型湖泊水深大、水位变化剧烈,不利于水生植物生长,通常的浅水湖泊生态修复技术难以应用。本文选取贵州红枫湖这一典型的高原深水湖泊作为试验点,在右二湖湾以浮岛为载体引种多种水生植物,并对植物根茎叶中的氮、磷及重金属成分进行了分析。结果表明:各水生植物氮含量为菹草>鲁梅克斯>聚合草,磷含量为菹草>伊乐藻>鲁梅克斯,氮、磷元素去除效果较好的植物为菹草、伊乐藻、鲁梅克斯;试验植物对重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和Hg均具有一定的耐受性,植物内不同重金属的累积浓度为Zn>Pb>Cu>>Cd>Hg,重金属富集系数根>叶>茎,Zn/Cd比值为叶>茎>根;总体上,黑麦草、鲁梅克斯和菹草重金属的富集系数较高;植物中总氮(TN)与总磷(TP)含量呈显著正相关,重金属与营养元素之间不存在明显的相关性。试验表明,陆生植物依靠浮岛载体能在水面较好地生长,可应用于深水型湖泊污染水体生态修复。在实际应用时,需结合水体污染特点和植物吸收特性选择最佳植物组合类型。The deep lakes in Plateau Canyon, because of their deep water and their dramatic water level change, are not conducive to the growth of aquatic plants, and thus, the ecological restoration techniques used for shallow lakes are difficult to be applied in deep lakes. In this study, various kinds of aquatic plants were planted on the floating island carrier in Youer Bay at the Lake Hongfeng, a typical plateau deep lake in Guizhou, and the chemical components （nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals） in the roots, stems, and leaves of the plants were analyzed. The nitrogen content of the plants was Potamogeton crispus 〉 Rumex 〉 Silpniumper foliatum, the phosphorous content was P. crispus 〉 Elodea muttallii 〉 Rumex, and the effective plants for both nitrogen and phosphorus removal were P. crispus, E. muttallii, and Rumex. All test aquatic plants could accumulate the heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg. The cumulative concentration of the heavy metals in the plants was in the order of Zn 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉〉 Cd 〉 Hg. In different parts of the plants, root had a higher bioaccumulation coefficient than stem and leaf. The Zn/Cd ratio was higher in leaves than in stems and roots. Overall, Lolium perenne, Rumex, and P. crispus had greater potential application prospect in water phytoremediation. There was a significant positive correlation between plant total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP）, but no obvious correlation between plant nutrients and heavy metals. The plant heavy metals were significantly positively correlated with each other. This study also showed that terrestrial plants could grow well on the floating island barrier, being available in the ecological remediation of the polluted water in deep lakes. In practice, both the water pollution and the plant absorption characteristics should be considered in selecting the best plant combinations.

关 键 词：水生植物 氮 磷 重金属 生态修复 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]