硝化抑制剂对不同旱地农田土壤N_2O排放的影响  

Effects of nitrification inhibitors on N_2O emission from different upland agricultural soils

作　　者：白雪[1,2] 夏宗伟[1] 郭彦玲[1] 张颖[1] 徐慧[1] 王振宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第9期2319-2329,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD95B01);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039)资助

摘　　要：通过室内培养法,研究了硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)对施加尿素的沈阳草甸棕壤、运城褐土、美国明尼苏达州粉砂壤土的N2O排放、氮素转化速率和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:抑制剂DCD和DMPP对草甸棕壤的N2O减排率为54.1%～75.9%,但对速效氮含量影响不显著,约24%的硝化潜势被DCD所抑制,而在高含水量下DMPP却对硝化潜势无抑制作用;在褐土中,DMPP抑制效果显著,其在两种含水量下的N2O减排率为85.5%和66.7%、对硝化作用潜势抑制率为97.2%和96.4%,但DCD只在低含水量下有少许抑制效果(24.6%～57.5%),而在高含水量下则失效;DMPP对粉砂壤土在两种含水量下的N2O减排率为42.9%和53.1%,而DCD在高含水量下未能减排N2O;在草甸棕壤和褐土中,施氮肥有效促进氨氧化细菌(AOB)的生长繁殖,DCD与DMPP使AOB amoA数量减少了4.1%～63.5%,有显著抑制作用,而对氨氧化古菌(AOA)和反硝化菌则影响不大;与AOB相比,AOA在数量上占优势,但AOB amoA基因丰度与硝化潜势显著正相关,表明AOB在硝化过程中起了更重要的作用。A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide （DCD） and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP） applied with urea fertilizer on the N2O emission, nitrogen transformation rate, and microbial community structure in meadow brown soil （Shenyang, Northeast China）, cinnamon soil （Yuncheng, Central China）, and silt loam soil （Minnesota, USA）. In meadow brown soil, both of the two nitrification inhibitors reduced the N2O emission by 54.1%-75.9%, but had no effects on soil mineral nitrogen content. The DCD inhibited the nitrification potential of meadow brown soil by about 24%, while the DMPP was inefficient under the higher soil moisture content. In cinnamon soil, the DMPP had significant inhibitory effect on the N2O emission and nitrification potential, with the N2O emission decreased by 85.5% and 66.7% and the nitrification potential reduced by 97.2% and 96.4% under lower and higher soil moisture contents, respectively. The DCD in cinnamon soil showed a weak inhibitory effect on the N2O emission （decreased by 24.6%-57.5%） under lower soil moisture content, and no effect under the higher soil moisture content. The DMPP in silt loam soil decreased the N2O emission by 42.9% and 53.1% under lower and higher soil moisture contents, respectively, while the DCD was inefficient under higher soil moisture content. In meadow brown soil and cinnamon soil, applying urea fertilizer alone promoted the growth and reproduction of soil ammoniaoxidizing bacteria （AOB） effectively, while the application of DCD and DMPP decreased the abundance of AOB by 4.1%-63.5% but had little effects on the abundance of soil ammoniaoxidizing archaea （AOA） and denitrifying bacteria. As compared with AOB, AOA were dominant in meadow brown soil and cinnamon soil, but the abundance of AOB amoA had a significant positive correlation with soil nitrification potential, indicating that soil AOB played more important role in the nitrification of these

关 键 词：旱地土壤 硝化抑制剂 N2O 硝化潜势 氨氧化细菌 氨氧化古菌 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]