耕作方式对中小型土壤动物多样性影响  

Effects of tillage mode on the diversity of soil meso-and micro-fauna

作　　者：战丽莉[1,2] 许艳丽[1] 张兴义[1] 潘凤娟[1] 裴希超 刘振宇[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态院重点实验室,海伦农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站,哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]黑河出入境检验检疫局,黑龙江黑河164300 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院植物脱毒苗木研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第9期2371-2377,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-408-3)资助

摘　　要：为探讨耕作方式对中小型土壤动物群落结构及多样性的影响,选取中国科学院海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站定位试验的5种耕作方式免耕、少耕、平翻耕作、组合耕作和旋耕为对象,采用改良干漏斗(Modified Tullgren)法分离0～15cm土层中的中小型土壤动物,分析比较了不同耕作方式下中小型土壤动物的群落结构及分布特征。结果表明:不同耕作方式下中小型土壤动物群落结构及分布特征存在差异;高壳甲螨科和小甲螨科为5种耕作方式中共有的优势类群,传统耕作的旋耕和平翻耕作之间,保护性耕作的免耕和少耕之间中小型土壤动物群落结构相似度高;组合耕作很好地保持了中小型土壤动物垂直分布的表聚特征,少耕下中小型土壤动物群落结构具有较高的Shannon指数、均匀度和优势度;耕作方式可影响中小型土壤动物群落结构,少耕和组合耕作等保护性耕作措施有利于中小型土壤动物群落结构的稳定,且保持了中小型土壤动物垂直分布的表聚特征。To understand the effects of tillage mode on the community structure and diversity of soil meso- and micro-fauna, a field experiment was conducted at the National Observation Station of Agroecology System in Hailun of Northeast China. Five tillage modes including no tillage, reduced tillage, mold board tillage, combined tillage, and rotary tillage were chosen, and the modified Tullgren method were adopted to extract soil fauna from 0-15 cm soil layer, with the community structure and vertical distribution of soil meso- and micro-fauna analyzed. There existed differences in the community structure and vertical distribution of soil meso- and micro-fauna under different tillage modes. Liodidae and Oribatellidae were the dominant families under the five tillage modes, and the similarities of the community structure of soil meso- and micro-fauna were higher between moldboard plough and rotary tillage and between no tillage and reduced tillage. Combined tillage kept the surface accumulation of soil fauna. The diversity, evenness, and dominance of the soil fauna under reduced tillage were higher than those under other tillage modes. It was suggested that tillage mode could affect the community structure of soil meso- and micro-fauna, and conservation tillage （combined tillage and reduced tillage） could benefit the stability of soil faunal community structure and kept the surface accumulation of soil fauna in vertical distribution.

关 键 词：耕作方式 中小型土壤动物 群落结构 相似度 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]