西北地区特色作物对气候变化响应及应对技术的研究进展  

A Review of the Commercial Crops in Northwest China: Response to Regional Climate Change and Coping Technology

作　　者：邓振镛[1] 张强[2] 王润元[1] 高伟东[2] 徐金芳 孙兰东[4] 姚晓英[5] 刘明春 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省(中国气象局)干旱气候变化与减灾重点(开放)实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省气象局,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃省气象信息中心,甘肃兰州730020 [4]西北区域气候中心,甘肃兰州730020 [5]天水市气象局,甘肃天水741000 [6]武威市气象局,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2012年第4期855-862,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家科技部公益行业科研专项(GYHY201106029;GYHY200806021);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830957);国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CB955304);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM200811);中国气象局专项"西北地区气候变化评估报告"资助

摘　　要：总结了白兰瓜、大樱桃、酿酒葡萄、苹果、桃、当归、党参、黄芪、甘草、枸杞等10种特色作物的生长发育、种植区域、气象灾害、生物量、产量与品质等对现代气候暖干化的响应特征.结果表明:气候暖干化使多年生特色作物萌芽或返青提早,生长发育速度提前加快;瓜果类作物全生育期缩短,根类作物全生育期延长;使种植区的高度提高150m左右,向更高纬度扩展,种植面积迅速扩大.对旱作农业区的特色作物气候产量下降,对灌溉农业区的影响较少,有利于喜温凉特色作物气候产量增加,对较耐旱的影响较轻,对不够耐旱受到较大的影响.有利于提高瓜果类作物的品质,尤其含糖量提高.提出了建立特色作物种植基地或示范区,实现农工商产业系列服务,创建现代农业发展模式和管理新模式适应气候变化;制定精细化综合农业自然资源区划,合理调整种植结构;根据未来气候预测和不同气候年型调整作物种植比例;加强气象灾害监测、评估、预警与防御工作等4个方面的措施应对气候暖干化.In this paper,the growth and development,growing region,weather disasters,biomass,yield and quality of ten commercial crops（white melon,cherry,grape,apple,peach,angelica,codonopsis,astragalus,licorice and medlar） are summarized,and the responses of these crops to climate change are revealed.It is preliminarily revealed that climate shifting to warm and dry will advance the bud period and turn green period of the crops,speed up their growing and developing and then shorten the whole growth period of fruit crops and extend the growth period of root crops.The plant will raise about 150 m more,the plantable area will extend to higher latitudes and the plant area spread quickly.At the same time,the climate yield of the crops in dry farming areas will decline.On the contrary,in the irrigated agriculture areas the climate yield will be affected less.For the chimonophilous and thermophilic crops the climate yield will increase.For the drought-enduring crops stable yield will be keep,otherwise,climate effect will be significant.It is good to improve the quality of fruits and crops,especially sugar content.Planting base or demonstration area should be set up.Realizing the depiction of industry series service should be speed up.The models of modern agriculture and adapting climate changing should be set up.The fine comprehensive agricultural natural resources division should be worked out.The plant structure should be adjusted by results of weather forecast,together with monitoring,assessing and controlling meteorological disaster.

关 键 词：西北地区 特色作物 气候变化 响应 应对技术 研究进展 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]