河北农居环境颗粒态汞污染特征及健康评估研究  

Pollution Characteristics and Health Assessment of Particulate Mercury in Hebei Rural Households

作　　者：赵亚娟[1] 龚巍巍[2] 栾胜基 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学出版社,北京100062 [2]北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,深圳518055 [3]深港产学研基地环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室,深圳518057

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第9期2960-2966,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC16B04)

摘　　要：近年来,我国农村环境问题日渐加重,大气颗粒态汞对人体健康的危害逐渐凸现出来,而已有研究对我国农居环境中的汞污染状况关注较少.以颗粒态汞为研究对象,于2009年7、8月及2010年10～12月,对河北省6个村庄中的34个典型农居环境进行PM10和PM2.5膜采样,采用冷原子荧光法测定颗粒态汞质量浓度.结果表明,同一季节时,厨房PM10中汞质量浓度约是庭院PM10中汞质量浓度的2倍;在同一空间内,PM10中汞质量浓度大小依次是冬季(3.004 ng.m-3)>秋季(1.550 ng.m-3)>夏季(1.127 ng.m-3);同一季节时,PM2.5中汞质量浓度大小依次是厨房(0.795 ng.m-3±0.337 ng.m-3)>客厅(0.398ng.m-3±0.159 ng.m-3)>庭院(0.321 ng.m-3±0.143 ng.m-3);PM2.5中的汞质量浓度占PM10中汞质量浓度的百分比为(52.4±13.5)%.对农居环境PM2.5中汞的健康风险度水平进行评价,不同人群中儿童的暴露水平最高,其年均超额危险度<10-8.可知农居环境PM2.5中汞对农户的健康风险在可以忽略的水平.Environment problems in rural areas have been increasing dramatically in recent years.Atmospheric particulate mercury has posed increasingly obvious threats to human health.However,there were few studies attaching importance on mercury pollution in rural residential environment.Taking particulate mercury as research objects,the studies in six villages of Hebei Province were carried out in July/August 2009 and October/September 2010.A number of PM10 and PM2.5 samples were taken in 34 typical households,using cold vapor atomic fluorescence to determine the content of particulate mercury.The results showed that the mercury concentration in PM10 in kitchen was about twice that in the courtyard.In the same space,the mercury contents in PM10 in a descending order were as follows： winter（3.004 ng·m^-3）,autumn（1.550 ng·m^-3）,summer（1.127 ng·m^-3）;in the same season,the mercury levels in PM2.5 in a descending order were as follows： kitchen（0.795 ng·m^-3±0.337 ng·m^-3）,living room（0.398 ng·m^-3±0.159 ng·m^-3）,yard（0.321 ng·m^-3±0.143 ng·m^-3）;the Mercury content in PM2.5 accounted for（52.4±13.5）% of that in PM10.Evaluation of the health risks of mercury in PM2.5 revealed that children were exposed to the highest level,whose average annual excess risk was below 10^-8.Therefore,the health risk of peasants living in rural residential environment was at a negligible level.

关 键 词：农居环境 颗粒态 汞 健康风险 暴露 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4