遮阴对夏玉米茎秆形态结构和倒伏的影响  

Effects of Shading on Stalks Morphology, Structure and Lodging of Summer Maize in Field

作　　者：崔海岩[1] 靳立斌[1] 李波[1] 张吉旺[1] 赵斌[1] 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2012年第17期3497-3505,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903003);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目;国家自然科学基金(31271662);国家粮食丰产科技工程课题(2011BAD16B09)

摘　　要：【目的】在太阳辐射不断减少的气候条件下,探讨遮阴(弱光胁迫)对夏玉米茎秆形态及其显微结构的影响。【方法】以登海605(DH605)和郑单958(ZD958)为试验材料,大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴(S1)、穗期遮阴(S2)、全生育期遮阴(S3)3个处理,遮光度为60%,以自然光为对照(CK),研究弱光胁迫对夏玉米茎秆性状及其倒伏的影响。【结果】遮阴后夏玉米株高、穗位高和叶面积指数,地上第3茎节长、茎节横截面积、茎秆穿刺强度均显著降低,且遮阴时期对其影响表现为S1<S2<S3;DH605和ZD958的茎秆穿刺强度分别较对照降低22.23%和24.41%。茎秆硬皮组织厚度和维管束数目及中央大维管束面积、木质部面积、韧皮部面积较对照也显著降低,田间倒伏率显著升高,全生育期遮阴两品种倒伏率分别高达36.5%和24.7%。遮阴后空秆率增加,收获穗数、穗粒数显著降低,产量下降,减产幅度表现为S3>S1>S2。【结论】夏玉米生长期内光照不足影响产量形成,改变植株形态,通过降低基部节间长度、粗度、穿刺强度和茎秆硬皮组织厚度,减少维管束数目,降低茎秆抗倒伏性能,且花前遮阴对田间倒伏率的影响大于花后遮阴。[Objective] With the decreasing of the solar radiation in China, effects of shading （low light stress） on stalk morphology and microstructure of summer maize were studied to provide a theoretical basis for summer maize to adapt the current climatic condition of insufficient illumination. [Method] Summer maize was grown under the shading condition with a shading degree of 60%. Three shading treatments were designed in growing season ranged from tasseling to maturity （S 1）, from jointing to tasseling stage （$2） and whole growing period （$3）, respectively. Two summer maize cultivars Denghai605 （DH605） and Zhengdan958 （ZD958） were used as experimental materials. Effects of shading in different growing seasons on stem characters and lodging property of summer maize were investigated. [Result] Results showed that plant height, ear height, leaf area index, the third intemodes length, cross sectional area of stem, and stalk rind penetration strength reduced significantly after shading, and the response to different shading stages showed： S 1 〈 $2〈 $3. Compared to CK, stalk rind penetration strength of DH605 and ZD958 reduced by 22.23% and 24.41%, respectively. Stem rind thickness, vascular bundle number, the area of the central vascular bundle, xylem and phloem reduced significantly. Lodging property in fields increased significantly, and the lodging rate of DH605 and ZD958 in $3 were 36.5% and 24.7%, respectively. Furthermore, grain yield, kernel number per ear and harvest ear number reduced significantly. Barrenness increased and grain yield of $3 reduced. [ Conclusion] Shading had significant effects on stem form. Stem lodging resistance was also reduced by decreased basal intemode length, diameter, puncture strength, hard skin tissue thickness and vascular bundle number, thus influencing yield formation. Shading before anthesis had a great influence on the lodging rate.

关 键 词：夏玉米 遮阴 茎秆 倒伏 显微结构 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]