内蒙古高原针茅草原群落β多样性研究  

β-diversity of Stipa communities in Inner Mongolia Plateau.

作　　者：白永飞[1] 邢雪荣 许志信[2] 李德新[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室,北京100093 [2]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2000年第3期408-412,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目!(39730 1 1 0 );国家自然科学基金!(39460 0 55)资助项目

摘　　要：用比较样地法调查了内蒙古高原 4类地带性针茅 (Stipa)草原群落的 β多样性特征 .结果表明 ,Whit tacker指数 βws与尺度有关 ,随取样面积的增加 ,βws逐渐降低 .取样面积相同时 ,4类群落的 βws比较接近 .各群落的Cody指数最初也随样方面积的扩大而增大 ,当样方面积扩大到一定尺度时 ,贝加尔针茅群落和大针茅群落为 >0 .5m2 ,克氏针茅群落和小针茅群落为 >2m2 ,Cody指数趋于稳定 .同一尺度下 ,贝加尔针茅群落的Cody指数最高 ,小针茅群落的Cody指数最低 .多数情况下 ,群落内样本间的间隔距离 ,对Cody指数有较大的影响 ;从贝加尔针茅群落到小针茅群落 ,植物生活型和生态类群功能群组成中 ,多年生丛生禾草与根茎禾草、多年生杂类草和中旱生植物的多样性显著降低 ,旱生植物多样性先增加 ,尔后到小针茅群落显著降低 .群落的植物种类组成表现出明显生态替代现象 ,不同群落间的Cody指数逐渐降低 ;贝加尔针茅群落与大针茅群落的Morisita Horn指数最高 ,达 0 .72 .克氏针茅群落与小针茅群落的相似系数最低 ,为 0 .42 .The β diversity characteristics of four Stipa communities ( S.baicalensis, S.grandis, S.krylovii and S.klemenzii ) were studied using comparable plots methods. As a measurement of species turnover within communities, Whittacker's index(β\-\{ws\}) was size dependent, and reduced gradually with the increasing quadrat size.Under the same scale,β\-\{ws\} indices of the communities were similar.Cody's index (βc)was also affected by sampling size.βc increased initially as quadrat size enlarged,then stabilized over the size of 0.5m\+2 for S.baicalensis and S.grandis communities, and 2 m\+2 for S. krylovii and S.klemenzii communities. S.baicalensis community had the highest Cody index, while S.klemenzii community had the lowest one. In most cases, the within community distance interval had a relatively high effect on Cody index; From S.baicalensis to S.klemenzii community,the functional group diversities of forbs,perennial bunch and rhizome grasses decreased greatly,the diversity of intermediate xerads reduced significantly,and the diversity of xerads increased firstly, and then declined for S.klemenzii community.The changes in species composition of four Stipa communities could give a reflection to the degrees of community replacement along ecological gradients,and Cody indices between the communities reduced gradually.The Morisita Horn similarity coefficient between S.baicalensis and S.grandis community was significantly higher (0\^72) than those between S.grandis and S.krylovii communities (0\^55),and between S.krylovii and S.klemenzii communities(0 42).

关 键 词：内蒙古高原 针茅草原群落 Β多样性 生态功能 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]