基于农户生产技术效率的退耕还林政策评价——黄土高原区3县的实证研究  

Grain to Green Evaluation Based on Farmer Household Technical Efficiency

作　　者：赵敏娟[1] 姚顺波[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2012年第9期135-141,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71073128);陕西省水土保持重大项目"陕西省水土保持生态补偿研究"

摘　　要：本文的目的在于从农户层面上,以技术效率为标准,对退耕还林政策加以评价。以黄土高原区的陕西省吴起县、定边县和甘肃省华池县为实证案例,论文通过同时估计农户的投入导向的随机距离前沿和技术效率影响模型两个等式,分别测算了2009年吴起县159户、定边县152户和华池县125户农户退耕还林政策与技术效率之间的关系。研究发现:退耕还林与吴起县农户技术效率之间呈显著的正相关关系,与定边县和华池县的样本农户技术效率之间呈现显著负相关关系。因此,退耕还林政策在我国不同地区的执行存在显著差异;需要对定边和华池农户给予额外补贴或者实质性扶持,才可以实现该公共政策均衡私人森林供给和社会森林需求。研究还显示:3县农户生产受到劳动力、资金、土地、固定资产等投入要素的约束;户主的年龄、家庭规模和教育对不同地区的农户生产技术效率存在影响;3县农户的平均技术效率在80%,说明存在减少约20%的成本且不减少产出的空间。The goal for this study is to assess the extent to which technical efficiency （TE） is related to farm household production activities promoted by grain to green completed in different areas. Data for a total of 159 farmers in 2007 of Shannxi＇ s Wuqi County, 152 of Shaanxi＇ s Dingbian County and 125 in Gansu＇ s Huachi County are used to estimate a household - level input - oriented stochastic distance frontier simultaneously with a TE effects model. The main findings are that grain to green in Wuqi are positively associated with household TE. However, Grain to green has negative impact in both Dingbian and Huachi. The results also reveal that： there are statistically significant associations between TE and the age of the household head is, between TE and household size, between TE and the education of the household head in the three counties. The household production is constrained by labor, land, capital and fixed inputs. The average TE is around 80%, indicating that farmers can reduce 20% inputs generally with the same outputs.

关 键 词：退耕还林 技术效率 随机距离前沿 农户 黄土高原 

分 类 号：F326.20[经济管理—产业经济]