干旱内陆河灌区地下水位调控措施及其效应  

Regulation measures of groundwater level and their effects in arid inland river irrigation regions

作　　者：钟瑞森[1] 郝丽娜[2] 包安明[1] 努尔家依·热介夫 

机构地区：[1]荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐8300523 [3]新疆昌吉回族自治州环境监测站,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2012年第4期65-71,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：中科院知识创新重要方向项目(KZXC2-YW-BR-12);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(201130103-3)

摘　　要：土壤次生盐渍化和土地荒漠化与灌区地下水位埋深密切相关。将灌区地下水调控在合理的埋深范围内,可更有效地防治土壤次生盐渍化,从而改善自然植被或作物赖以生存的土壤环境,更有利于自然植被或作物的生长发育,进而提高植被的繁茂程度或作物的产量。根据干旱内陆河流域水资源开发利用及农业生产管理的特点,总结并探讨了灌区地下水位调控的措施。以新疆阿瓦提灌区为例,依据生产实践设置了维持现状、加大灌区节水改造、改变洗盐压碱模式和优选井灌井排等4个情景方案,以现状数据为基础设置相应的参数,应用区域水盐平衡模型对灌区的水平衡、耗水平衡、地下水平衡、供需水平衡和盐平衡等5个平衡进行模拟和预测,得到各方案各子灌区水盐平衡结果,分析了不同地下水位调控措施对地下水的影响。分析表明:不进行冬春灌而采用滴水适播或干播湿出,可使土壤冻融期地下水位下降到临界深度以下,将有效地抑制浅层土壤的返盐和积盐;井灌井排是灌区地下水调控最有效的措施,既开发利用地下水资源,又可控制地下水位、防治或改良盐碱地等。地下水位调控措施的选择需因地制宜,综合考虑灌区土壤盐碱化程度、地下水位埋深现状、灌溉排水条件等合理选择。Soil secondary salinization and land desertification in arid inland river irrigation regions are closely related to the local groundwater table depth. Regulating the table depth within a suitable range can prevent soil secondary salinization more effectively and improve the soil environments that maintain growth of natural vegetables and crops. And then, it will benefit to development and growth of natural vegetables and crops, and improve luxuriant foliage of natural vegetables and production of crops. This paper summarizes and discusses the regulation measures of groundwater level in arid inland river irrigation regions, according to the characteristic of water resources development and utilization and agricultural production and management. In a case study of the Xinjiang Awati irrigation area, four scenario programs were set up and practiced according to the production, which were （l） maintaining current situation, （2） expanding irrigation area water-saving reform, （3） transforming washing out salt and decreasing alkali mode and （4） optimal adopting well irrigation and well drainage. Based on the data of current situation, a regional water-salt balance model was used in simulation and forecast of five balances, i. e. water balance, water consumption balance, groundwaterbalance, water supply demand balance, and salt balance. It calculated results of four sub-irrigation areas of different programs, and analyzed the effects of different regulation measures on groundwater. If drip irrigation is adopted before seeding or after dry seeding, rather than winter irrigation and spring irrigation, the groundwater level would decline to below critical depth in the period of soil freezing and thawing, effectively restraining the salt returning or accumulating in surface soil from groundwater. Well irrigation and well drainage are the most effective measures to regulation of groundwater, which could exploit and utilize groundwater resources, and also control groundwater level and improve or even prevent sal

关 键 词：农田水利 调控措施 水盐模型 地下水位 阿瓦提灌区 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程]