汉语动结式被动式从题元角色到语法功能的映射  

Mapping of Thematic Roles and Grammatical Function in the Passive Constructions of Mandarin Resultative Verb Compounds

作　　者：李奉栖[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学外语学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《外国语文》2012年第3期62-67,共6页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：2010年西南政法大学资助项目"词汇映射理论观照下的汉语动结式被动结构研究"(2010-XZQN07)的部分成果

摘　　要：词汇映射理论通过词汇层面的论元结构将语义(或概念)层面的题元结构映射到句法层面的语法功能结构。汉语动结式被动表述具有十分复杂的题元结构和表层句法结构,这就决定了从题元角色到语法功能之间复杂的映射过程。词汇映射理论的既有原则和一系列词汇操作手段能够很好地描述和解释这种映射过程。这些词汇操作手段包括复合角色压制、被动化、受害者插入等,它们要么删除已有的题元角色,要么增添新的题元角色。词汇操作从词汇语义层面上(而非句法层面上)实现了动结式主、被动结构的转换,而词汇映射理论的既有原则则规定了题元结构到论元结构、论元结构到语法功能结构的映射路径,在二者的共同作用下,动结式的题元角色准确地映射到了其被动表述的语法功能上。Lexical Mapping Theory（LMT） maps from a semantic/conceptual representation of thematic roles,henceforth θ-structure,to a syntactic representation of grammatical functions,functional structure,via an intermediate lexical representation called argument structure.The passive constructions of Mandarin Resultative Verb Compounds（RVCs） have very complex θ-structures and surface syntactic structures,which determines a similarly complex mapping path between their thematic roles and grammatical functions.The existing principles of LMT and a series of morpholexical operations can well describe and interpret this mapping path.Those morpholexical operations,including composite-role suppression,passivization,maleficiary role insertion,etc.,either suppress existing thematic roles,or add new ones to the θ-structures.Morpholexical operations guarantee the transformation of active constructions to passive ones at the morpholexical and not the syntactic level,while the existing principles of LMT decide upon the mapping paths of θ-structure to argument structure,and argument structure to functional structure.With their joint efforts,RVCs＇ thematic roles are correctly mapped onto the grammatical functions in the passive constructions.

关 键 词：词汇映射理论 动结式 被动 形态词汇操作 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]