山地枣树茎直径对不同生态因子的响应  

Response of upland jujube tree trunk diameter to different ecological factors

作　　者：赵英[1,2] 汪有科[1,3] 韩立新[3] 汪星[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]杨凌职业技术学院,杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第17期5476-5483,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：863计划(2010AA10A302-1);国家农业转化资金课题(2009GB2G000359)

摘　　要：以山地梨枣为试材,进行了枣树茎直径对土壤水势(WPs)、太阳辐射(Rs)、气温(Ta)、空气相对湿度(RH)等生态因子的响应试验研究。试验共设4个WPs区间的处理,连续测定枣树茎直径及不同生态因子的动态变化。结果表明:在果实膨大期,在-41—-390 kPa范围内,WPs越高的处理,其枣树茎直径(TD)越大;不同处理间枣树最大茎直径(MXTD)存在显著性差异,较高的WPs区间有利于茎直径的增加;MXTD是该期较为适宜的水分信息诊断指标。晴天时,茎直径日收缩幅度大;雨天白天时,茎直径基本处于同一水平,收缩不明显。TD与RH呈极显著正相关,与Ta呈极显著负相关关系,与Rs间无显著相关关系,RH与Ta是影响茎直径变化的最主要气象因子。综合考虑,枣树茎直径的微变化同时受到各种生态因子的影响,尤以RH、Ta、WPs的影响更为显著;WPs高时,WPs为影响茎直径变化的主要因子;WPs低时,RH成为影响茎直径变化的主要因子。The jujube industry is highly developed in the Yulin district of northern Shaanxi Province. Because jujube fruit yield is often affected by variation in precipitation throughout the year, accurate irrigation is an important method for increasing the potential of the local jujube industry. Water demand in jujube trees is most critical during two stages ： 1 ） anthesis and fruit set and 2） fruit development. In this study, the effect of different ecological factors, such as soil water potential （WPs）, solar radiation （Rs）, air temperature （ Ta）, and air relative humidity （RH）, on jujube trunk diameter （TD） contraction during fruit development was investigated. In addition, the most suitable indicator of TD contraction was determined for use in accurate irrigation management. Research was conducted in a rainproof shed at the micro- irrigation demonstration station in Mengcha, Yinzhou, Mizhi, Yulin, China. Three-year-old pear-jujube trees were studied using four different WPs treatments： -41 to -51 kPa （T1）, -68 to -84 kPa （T2）, -96 to -135 kPa （T3）, and -311 to -390 kPa （T4）. Individual test plots, separated by cement enclosures and containing three jujube trees, were 6 m long × 1 m wide × 1 m high. Each treatment was applied to three test plots. WPs was monitored continuously with an EQ15 equilibrium tensiometer and controlled automatically using a drip irrigation system that supplied water whenever WPs reached a minimum value. TD was continuously measured with a linear variable displacement transducer （LVDT） ; atmospheric factors were recorded using an automated weather station. Collected data were analyzed using DPS statistics software, and figures and tables were generated with Excel. The results showed that jujube TD contraction followed a U-shaped curve over the course of a day. In general, trunk diameter shrank during the day, reaching a minimum trunk diameter （MNTD） at 17：00-19：00; at night, trunk diameter expanded, with the maximum diameter （MXT

关 键 词：枣树 茎直径 土壤水势 空气相对湿度 生态因子 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]