中国县域生态功能格局研究  

The Distribution Patterns of China's County Ecological Function

作　　者：张昌顺[1] 谢高地[1] 曹淑艳[2] 冷允法[1] 肖玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]北京石油化工学院,北京102617

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第9期1636-1646,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(编号:2012ZD007);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号:2009CB421106)

摘　　要：生态功能区划是依据区域生态因子、生态系统类型、生态服务功能、生态系统受胁迫过程与效应、生态环境敏感性、生态服务功能重要性等特征的空间异质性而进行的地理空间分区,其目的是明确国家或区域生态安全重要区域,分析区域面临的生态环境问题与生态环境脆弱区,为资源开发、产业布局、生态环境保护与建设规划提供科学指导,为实施区域生态环境分区监管提供基础和前提。在对已有三级生态区划方案的基础上,依据建立的生态功能区划原则、方法和指标体系,以中国县域尺度为最小区划单元,采用空间叠置的方法,综合中国土壤侵蚀模数、生态敏感性和生态环境问题(或生态系统服务功能的重要性),将中国分成33个水源涵养功能区、57个水土保持功能区、19个防风固沙功能区、11个沿海防护功能区、62个产品提供功能区和86个生物多样性保护功能区,并概述各类生态功能区的分布特征,为生态保护与建设的重点、目标、措施的确定以及区域产业结构与布局的调整提供了重要依据。Ecological regionalization underpins the rational management and sustainable utilization of ecosystems and natural resources. Ecological function regionalization is a kind of geographic spatial division based on the distribution of ecological factors, ecosystems, ecosystem services, ecosystem stressors and effects, ecological sensitivity, and ecological services. It provides a scientific basis for constructing healthy ecological environments and forming environmental management policies. The goal of ecological function regionalization is to distinguish regional ecological problems and fragile areas, determine protection ecosystems and regions, and aid regional resource development, industry layout, ecological protection, region-based ecosystem management and sustainable development. Using China＇ s counties as the lowest regionalization unit, soil erosion modulus, regional ecosystem sensitivity and ecological and environmental problems were carried out according to established guidelines. Primary eco-environmental problems and their drivers were also extracted. The spatial distribution of soil erosion, national nature reserves, slope degree, and key forestry ecological projects were characterized by GIS. Ecological function regionalization was determined on existing achievement at the county scale. A total of 268 eco-functional zones were classified, comprising33 water conservation functional zones, 57 soil conservation functional zones, 19 wind break and sand fixation functional zones, 11 coastal protection functional zones, 63 biological products functional zones and 85 biodiversity conservation functional zones. Because this scheme pays more attention to the application of the usual name in ecoregion naming, and maintains the integrity of county borders, it provides a scientific basis for protecting, constructing, and evaluating national eco-environments. Our approach results in the integration of eco-environmental data with socio-economic data and encourages more effective ecosystem management, regional ecol

关 键 词：生态功能区划 可持续发展 生态敏感性 生态环境问题 生态系统服务功能 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]