浅析中国工业化不同时期的土地管理政策  

Land Management Policies at Different Stages in China’s Industrialization

作　　者：赵崔莉[1] 刘新卫[2] 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学全球化与中国现代化问题研究所,北京100029 [2]国土资源部土地整治中心,北京100035

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第9期1698-1704,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学课题":中国工业化与土地制度改革研究"(编号:11YBLSX01)

摘　　要：1949年以来,在计划经济体制、从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨以及市场经济体制健全完善的不同时期,中国工业化发展先后经历三次不同的道路选择,大体上可以划分为赶超型工业化、外延型工业化和创新型工业化时期。土地管理政策在建国后经过不断探索和改革,逐步建立起适应经济社会发展要求的框架体系,也支撑了不同时期的工业化发展。在赶超型工业化时期,中国土地管理通过推进土地改革和保障用地需求顺应了工业化发展要求,但土地管理政策较为零散,土地利用问题开始显现;在外延型工业化时期,土地利用成本较低成为中国工业化快速发展的主要"红利"之一,而一味保障工业化发展需求的土地管理政策也导致土地利用问题开始大量爆发;在目前的创新型工业化时期,土地管理政策肩负调控和引导工业化科学发展的重任,应该从整体上设计适应新型工业化发展要求的土地管理政策和保障措施。Industrialization is the principal objective of China＇ s modernization. Land resources are one of the most important production factors for industrialization and can and should regulate China ＇ s future industrialization. In order to develop appropriate land management policies based on sustainably and health, we analyzed industrialization development at different stages in China＇ s since 1949. We summarize the problems related to land use management in the different periods of industrialization and explore scientific and regulatory control measures. We found three main industrialization mechanisms in China since 1949： a planned economy from 1949 to 1978; a market economy system from 1978 to the beginning of this century; and innovative industrialization combined with a market economy system from 2002 until now. Under a planned economy, China＇ s land management conformed to its industrialization through promoting land reform and ensuring land use demand; land management policies were rather scattered and some land problems emerged. Under a market economy the cheaper cost of land use became the main bonus for fast industrialization; however, land management policies which blindly ensured the land use demand of industrialization development resulted in increasingly serious land use issues. Under the current system of innovative industrialization, land management policies are regulating and guiding scientific industrialization development and this requires the systematic design of land management policies and safeguards. Land use as a control of and guide to industrialization development on the premise of exerting the market＇ s fundamental function of allocating land resources, reinforcing demand side management, strengthening supply regulation, formulating different land supply policies, and coordination and linkage among land use, industry, investment, fiscal and monetary policies are also discussed.

关 键 词：土地管理政策 工业化 不同时期 中国 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]