喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种多度与丰富度空间分布的尺度效应  

Scale-dependent spatial variation of species abundance and richness in two mixed evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved karst forests,Southwest China

作　　者：张忠华[1] 胡刚[1] 祝介东[2,3] 倪健[4,5] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范学院化学与生命科学学院,南宁530001 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002 [5]华东师范大学环境科学系.上海200062

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第18期5663-5672,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2006CB403207);广西教育厅科研基金项目(201106LX296)

摘　　要：物种多样性的空间分布格局及其尺度效应是生态学研究的重点,对于理解物种多样性的形成和维持机制以及生物多样性的管理和保护均具有重要意义。以贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区分布的亚热带原生性喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林为研究对象,分析了2个1hm2(100m×100m)样地中物种多度和丰富度的空间分布特征及其与取样尺度的关系,采用方差和变异系数描述多度和丰富度在5个尺度(5m×5m,10m×10m,20m×20m,25m×25m,50m×50m)上的空间变异性。结果表明:(1)两个样地的物种多度和丰富度具有尺度依赖性特征;(2)由于多度具有叠加性,物种多度的方差随着尺度的增加呈线性增加,而变异系数呈线性下降;(3)丰富度的方差随尺度的增加表现出单峰分布的特征,在25 m×25 m尺度上达到最大值,变异系数则随取样尺度的增加而呈线性下降。研究表明,物种多度具有尺度推演规律,而丰富度却没有,因此,应慎重进行物种丰富度的尺度推演。在分析喀斯特森林物种多样性时,应注重尺度效应带来的影响。Understanding patterns of species diversity and its scale effects is a central goal of ecology and a fundamental to the management and reservation of biodiversity. The relationship between patterns of species diversity and scale is also significant for understanding formation and maintenance mechanisms of species diversity. Species abundance and richness are the two most basic diversity variables, which represent two categories of variables that have a different spatial property. The former is additive when aggregated across spatial scale while the latter is non-additive. In other words, their usefulness in measuring biodiversity depends in large part on their response to scale effects. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the spatial variation of species abundance and richness and their differences across spatial scales in different forest types. Thekarst forest in Maolan National Natural Reserve of Guizhou Province, southwestern China is a rare, original forest remnant in the mid-subtropics of the world. In order to investigate the changes in the spatial patterns of abundance and richness of species across multiple scales in karst forest, two 1 hm2 forest plots in the core zone of Maolan Reserve were established. All woody species with the diameter at breast height （DBH） ≥ 1 cm were mapped, identified to species and measured. Two lhm2 plots were divided into a grid system using five quadrat sizes： 5 mx5 m （400 quadrats）, 10 mx10 m （100 quadrats）, 20 mx20 m （25 quadrats）, 25 mx25 m （16 quadrats） and 50 mx50 m （4 quadrats）, and then the species abundance and richness in each quadrat were counted for each grain size. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between abundance and richness at different grain sizes. In the meantime, spatial variance and coefficient of variation （ the standard deviation divided by the mean, CV） of abundance and richness were also calculated. And then, the variance and CV were plotted against the grain size i

关 键 词：喀斯特森林 尺度依赖性 多度 丰富度 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]