微机床主轴用微涡轮设计及其气动性能研究  

Design of the Micro-turbine for the Micro-machine Tool Spindle and Research on Its Aerodynamic Performance

作　　者：李伟[1] 周志雄[1] 宋铁军[1] 任莹晖[1] 肖航[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第8期34-38,共5页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51075133);教育部博士研究生学术新人奖资助项目;湖南省研究生科研创新资助项目(CX2010B129)

摘　　要：设计计算了微机床主轴用微涡轮的结构及其气动性能,采用FLUENT软件对微涡轮内的高速气流进行了数值模拟.分析结果表明:供气压力一定,微涡轮因气流压力产生的转矩随转速的变化不大,而因气流黏性产生的转矩随转速的提高大幅度减小,从而造成总转矩减小.微涡轮室内的背压力随供气压力的提高而增大,严重影响了微涡轮转速的提高.微涡轮喷嘴流出的气流未直接流向与其对应的叶片上,而是在涡轮室内来流的作用下绕叶轮流动,气流损失较大.最后对微涡轮的结构进行了改进,转矩提高了13%,达到了设计要求.The structure and aerodynamic performance of the micro-turbine for the micro-machine tool spindle were designed and calculated, and the high speed airflow in the micro-turbine was numerically simulated by the software FLUENT. The analysis has indicated that the micro-turbine torque produced by aiflow pressure changes little while that by air viscos＇ity decreases dramatically with the increase of rotational speed at constant supply pressure, which causes a dramatic decrease in the total torque. The back pressure in the micro-turbine chamber increases with the increase of the supply pressure, which seriously affects the rotational speed. The airflow from the micro-turbine nozzle cannot directly go to the corresponding blade, but goes round the blade wheel under the action of the coming flow, which causes great flow loss. Finally the micro-turbine structure was improved and its torque increased by 13%,which satisfied the design requirement.

关 键 词：机床 气动涡轮 结构设计 气流 仿真 

分 类 号：TH138[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]