改善沙门菌载体疫苗效能的若干策略  

Several Strategies to Optimize Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine Vector

作　　者：房有荣[1] 陈科达[1] 阎辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省医学科学院病毒病研究所,杭州310013

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2012年第4期367-371,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目批准号:30873024);浙江省科学技术厅重大科学技术专项(计划编号:2008C13031-1);浙江省科学技术厅钱江人才计划(计划编号:2008R10030)

摘　　要：沙门菌是一种侵袭性胞内菌,利用其侵袭性,可将其减毒后改造为疫苗载体,携带异源抗原基因到细胞内,表达相应的异源抗原,从而引发免疫保护反应。然而成功研制沙门菌载体疫苗必需解决一些关键问题,包括:选择合适的保护性异源抗原和表达载体,确定抗原在载体内的表达方式(即体细胞内膜结合型或分泌型表达)和宿主细胞内的定位(内体或细胞质)等。针对上述问题,从筛选适当的沙门菌载体菌株、确定最优启动子、增强质粒稳定性、抗原表达后准确定位、提高抗原的免疫原性和优化疫苗接种制度六个方面,讨论近年来改善减毒沙门菌载体疫苗的研究策略。Salmonella is an invasive intracellular bacterium, which can be attenuated into vaccine vector by utilizing its infectivity. This vaccine vector can deliver prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression vector with recombinant antigen to cells , and then express the recombinant antigens to induce immune response. However, successful development of salmonella vaccine vector confront some obstacles, including： identifying the adequate protective heterologous antigens, selecting the most suitable carrier, defining optimal antigen compartmentalization or secreted） and targeting the appropriate host display within the vector （i.e. somatic, membrane bound cell localization （endosomal or cytoplasmic）. This review summarizes the strategies to optimize attenuated salmonella vaccine vector from six aspects developed in the recent years： selecting adequate salmonella vector strains, defining best-suited promoters, enhancing plasmid stability, directing the expression of antigen immunogenicity and optimising vaccine the antigen to the appropriate compartment, improving administration regimes.

关 键 词：减毒沙门菌 疫苗载体 优化策略 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]