1996-2011年湖南省汨罗市血吸虫病疫情纵向观察  

Longitudinal study on epidemic status of schistosomiasis japonica in Miluo City,Hunan Province,1996-2011

作　　者：刘益萍[1,2] 汪世平[1] 李庆华[3] 杨五霞 彭辉阳 周火炬 刘明社[2] 张树菊[1] 周云飞[1] 冯其梅[1] 许进[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医学院基础医学院医学寄生虫学系,长沙410078 [2]山西省长治医学院人体寄生虫学教研室,长治046000 [3]湖南省岳阳职业技术学院,岳阳414000 [4]湖南省汨罗市血防办,汨罗414400 [5]湖南省汨罗市白塘乡血吸虫病防治站,汨罗414400

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2012年第8期786-791,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目资助(2009BAI78B05)~~

摘　　要：目的观察洞庭湖区湖沼型疫区采取以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施控制血吸虫病效果。方法收集、整理汨罗市1996-2011年血吸虫病有关疫情资料进行回顾性分析,观察实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施前后螺情与病情的变化。结果洞庭湖区湖沼型血吸虫病疫区实施人畜同步化疗为主的措施,垸外活螺平均密度、感染性钉螺密度变化不明显,维持在0.29～0.63只/0.1m2和0.003 4～0.037 9只/0.1m2,人群患病率维持在2.13%～3.68%,耕牛感染率维持在1.10%～4.36%之间;实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施后垸外活螺平均密度虽有波动,但整体呈下降趋势,从0.52只/0.1m2下降至0.18只/0.1m2,感染性钉螺平均密度从0.003 8只/0.1m2下降至0.000 7只/0.1m2,钉螺感染率呈下降趋势,从第一阶段的0.72%以上下降到0.38%以下,人群患病率从2.86%下降至1.25%,耕牛感染率从2006年的2.87%上升到2008年的5.92%,又下降到2010年的1.70%。急性血吸虫病感染以散发为主,1996-2009年共发生急性血吸虫病49例,血吸虫病例以7～14岁组为多,男性感染率显著高于女性,学生多见,因游泳戏水感染最多,多为垸外感染,秋季和夏季为高发期,落实以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施后的2010-2011年未发生急感病例。结论血吸虫病以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施在洞庭湖区湖沼型疫区取得了明显的防治效果。加强在易感地带查灭阳性钉螺,减少垸外人畜活动,重视宣教,严防儿童在夏、秋季节发生血吸虫病的急性感染,适宜开展人畜同步化疗,依然是湖区血吸虫病防治的关键。This study aimed to observe the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures for infection source in marshland and lake areas in Dongting lake regions.The data on epidemic status of schistosomiasis in Miluo from 1996 to 2011 were collected and analyzed by retrospective analysis to investigate the change of the prevalence rate in residents,farm cattle and snails after the comprehensive control measures of infection source fulfilled.Results showed that the routine measure could keep the average density of living snails and infected snails outside embankment at 0.29-0.63/0.1 m2 and 0.0034-0.0379/0.1 m2,respectively.The prevalence rates of human and farm cattle were 2.13%-3.68% and 2.20%-4.36%,respectively.The comprehensive control measures of source lowered the average density of living snails from 0.52/0.1 m2 to 0.18/0.1 m2,and the average density of infected snails reduced from 0.0041/0.1 m2 to 0.0007/0.1 m2 outside embankment,cutting down the prevalence rate of human from 2.86% to 1.25%.The prevalence rate in farm cattle increased from 2.87% to 5.92% during 2006-2008 and dropped from 5.92% to 1.70% during 2008-2010.The acute schistosomiasis was mainly disseminately popular in Miluo City and there were 49 acute schistosomiasis cases during 1996-2011 but zero in 2010-2011.Most patients of acute schistosomiasis were students aged at 7-14,and males were infected more than females obviously.Most patients were infected through swimming and playing in water mainly outside embankment,and the seasons of high-incidence were summer and autumn.In conclusions,the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures for infection source was obvious in marshland and lake areas in Dongting lake regions.For schistosomiasis prevention and control,it is yet important to strengthen snail-killing,reduce embankment-beyond activities,and prevent the acute schistosomiasis infection of children in summer and autumn.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 传染源控制 疫情 纵向观察 

分 类 号：R383.2[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]