大型结构变形实时摄像测量方法  

A Real-time Camera Measurement Method for Large-scale Structure Deformation

作　　者：周翔[1,2] 胡建[3] 孙林涛[1,2] 张小虎[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国防科学技术大学航天与材料工程学院,长沙410073 [2]图像测量与视觉导航湖南省重点实验室,长沙410073 [3]北京航天长征飞行器研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《实验力学》2012年第4期503-510,共8页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

摘　　要：本文对实时测量大型结构静力变形实验中如何应用摄像测量方法展开研究。针对实时摄像测量的两个主要难题研究解决方法,即图像特征点自动提取和多像机图像特征点自动对应。通过在待测结构表面粘贴LED发光灯或使用激光光栅投影做为合作标志点,提出NNLOG(normalnized negative laplacian of gaussian)算子用于图像上合作标志点的实时提取与跟踪;根据多摄像机约束关系,构造对极几何约束代价函数,解决多像机图像特征点之间的对应问题。设计实现了精度实验,表明位移测量误差小于1mm,相对误差小于1%,基于本文方法实现的测量系统已应用于某型飞机静力变形实验。This paper studies the application of camera measurement method in large-scale structure real-time static deformation experiment.Study focuses on two main challenges from real-time camera measurement,namely,automatic extraction of image feature points and automatic correspondence of multi-camera image feature points.LED（light-emitting diode） lights were pasted on tested structure surface,or laser raster projection was used as cooperative mark points,then NNLOG（normalnized negative laplacian of gaussian） operator was developed for automatic extraction and tracking of cooperative mark points on images.An epipolar geometry constraint optimization method was proposed,and a cost function based on the epipolar geometry constraint was constructed to solve image point correspondence between multiple cameras.A precision experiment was implemented.Results show that the error of deformation measurement is less than 1 mm and relative error is less than 1%.A measurement system realized based on the method presented in this paper has already applied for static deformation test of an airplane.

关 键 词：光学测量 大型结构变形 自动目标提取 特征点对应 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]