半月板切除对多屈曲角位姿胫股关节接触性能的影响  

EFFECTS OF MENISCECTOMY ON THE CONTACT CHARACTERISTIC OF THE TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT AT DIFFERENT FLEXION ANGLES

作　　者：黄荣瑛[1] 郭云飞[1] 徐强[1] 张高龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191

出　　处：《工程力学》2012年第9期300-307,共8页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50975013)

摘　　要：针对半月板损伤切除后胫股关节接触特性的变化,该文利用正常膝关节四个屈曲角度(0°/25°/60°/80°)下的MRI图像数据,构建了正常/内侧半月板切除/外侧半月板切除/双侧半月板切除的胫股关节有限元模型,对各屈曲角度下的四种模型分别施加单一压载荷和压扭组合载荷进行有限元仿真,仿真结果表明:1)对胫股关节的各个屈曲角位姿而言,单侧半月板损伤切除后,存留侧半月板所承担的轴向载荷及半月板表面的最大等效应力增加,其中外侧半月板切除较内侧半月板切除的增量大;2)各屈曲角位姿下,半月板损伤切除后,胫骨/股骨软骨直接传递的轴向载荷增大,双侧半月板切除的增加量最大,单侧半月板切除对切除半月板侧的影响次之,对保留半月板一侧的影响最弱;此外,胫骨软骨上的最大等效应力以内侧/外侧/双侧切除的顺序依次增大;3)胫股关节中外侧/双侧半月板损伤被切除后,25°和80°的屈曲角位姿下的外侧胫骨软骨上出现明显的应力集中。总之,对于各个屈曲角位姿的胫股关节,半月板损伤切除后,导致胫骨软骨/股骨软骨通过直接接触传递了更多的载荷,由此改变了软骨上的应力分布,使软骨上的最大等效应力值增加,从而引起了关节软骨退变及关节的其它综合病变。外侧半月板切除引起的胫股关节接触特性的变化比内侧半月板切除时更大,在半月板切除术中应加以重视。Aimed at the change of the contact characteristic of a tibiofemoral joint after meniscectomy, MR/ images of the normal human knee at four flexion angles （0°/25°/60°/80°） were used to construct the normal, medial/lateral/bilateral meniscectomy finite element models of the tibiofemoral joint. In the experiment, the single compressive load and the compressive load with torque were applied to these models for the finite element simulation. The results show that： 1） For the tibiofemoral joint at different flexion angles, unilateral meniscectomy makes the axial load supported by the persistence meniscus and the maximum equivalent stress on the persistence meniscus increase, and the increment after lateral meniscectomy is higher than that after medial meniscectomy. 2） For each flexion angle, after the menisceetomy, the axial load transmitted directly between tibial/femoral cartilage increases. The increment after bilateral meniscectomy is most, and unilateral meniscectomy influences the meniscus-removed side more than the meniscus-left side. Besides, the maximum equivalent stress on the tibial cartilage also increases in sequence： bilateral meniscectomy/lateral meniscectomy/medial meniscectomy. 3） In the tibiofemoral joint, after lateral and bilateral meniscectomy, an obvious stress concentration occurs on the lateral tibial cartilage at 25° and 80°flexion angles. In a word, for the tibiofemoral joint at different flexion angles, when the meniscus injures is removed, the tibial/femoral cartilage bears more loading directly, and then the stress distribution changes and the maximum equivalent stress on the cartilage increases, which leads the degradation of the joint cartilage and other complex joints to disease. Furthermore, lateral meniscectomy changes the contact behavior of the tibiofemoral joint more serious than medial meniscectomy, which needs to be valued in meniscectomy.

关 键 词：有限元 胫股关节 多屈曲角度 半月板切除 轴向载荷 应力 

分 类 号：TB12[理学—工程力学] R318.01[理学—力学]