不同沟灌方式下夏玉米棵间蒸发试验  

Soil Evaporation of Summer Maize under Different Furrow Irrigations

作　　者：汪顺生[1,2] 费良军[1] 高传昌[2] 孙景生[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,西安710048 [2]华北水利水电学院水利学院,郑州450011 [3]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,新乡453003

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2012年第9期66-71,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50179030);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD88B02)

摘　　要：采用常规沟灌和交替隔沟灌技术,研究了不同水分处理(水分控制下限为田间持水率的80%、70%、60%)夏玉米的棵间蒸发。结果表明:常规沟灌的灌后蒸发和全生育期棵间蒸发量均大于交替隔沟灌,灌水后短期内由于表层土壤含水率较高,土壤蒸发较大;在满足作物蒸腾耗水的基础上,交替隔沟灌减小了灌溉湿润面积而减小无效蒸发耗水;不同沟灌方式下土壤蒸发与表层土壤含水率呈明显的脉冲波动变化,而深层土壤含水率波动较弱;表层土壤含水率和叶面积指数对棵间蒸发影响明显,二者与相对土面蒸发强度均有良好的指数函数关系。水分下限控制合适,交替隔沟灌棵间蒸发与蒸腾耗水明显降低,是夏玉米适宜的灌水方式。Different moisture treatments （80% , 70% and 60% of field water holding）of summer maize soil evaporation were studied by using the conventional furrow irrigation and alternative furrow irrigation. The results showed that conventional furrow irrigation evaporation and whole growth period evaporation were greater than the alternative furrow irrigation. Within a short period after irrigation the surface soil with high moisture content, soil evaporation is larger; under the condition of meeting crop transpiration water consumption, alternative furrow irrigation reduced irrigation wetted area and thus reduced the invalid evaporation. With different furrow irrigation ways, soil evaporation and soil surface water content presented pulse fluctuations, while the deep soil moisture fluctuation is weaker; surface soil moisture content and leaf area index of soil evaporation effect are obvious, the two and the relative soil evaporation have a good relationship with exponential function. Moisture control is suitable, with alternative furrow irrigation, evaporation and transpiration water consumption decreased significantly and it is a suitable irrigation way for summer maize.

关 键 词：沟灌 夏玉米 棵间蒸发 土壤含水率 叶面积指数 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S152.75[农业科学—农业工程]