不同养分投入的各品种小麦产量及养分效率差异研究  

Use Efficiency of Different Winter Wheat Cultivars Response to Different Nutrient Inputs

作　　者：昝亚玲[1] 王朝辉[1] 周玲[1] 戴健[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2012年第9期91-98,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30871596;30971866);西北农林科技大学"创新团队建设计划"资助项目

摘　　要：选用6个冬小麦品种,通过田间试验研究了不同养分投入水平的小麦产量及养分效率的差异。结果表明,随养分投入水平的提高,小麦产量和生物量均明显增加,高产品种对养分投入的敏感程度明显高于低产品种。从产量构成分析,低养分投入时,小麦每公顷穗数及穗粒数对产量起决定作用;高养分投入时,产量取决于每公顷穗数。从两年不同养分投入水平的平均值来看,低养分投入时,高产品种氮肥回收率、农学效率和偏生产力比低产品种高6.3%～61.6%、52.1%～122%、9.8%～25%;磷肥回收率、农学效率和偏生产力较低产品种高31.2%～33.3%、58.9%～126.3%、7.0%～24.9%。高养分投入时,小麦偏生产力明显下降,且低产品种较高产品种更敏感。Six main winter wheat cultivars planted in Shaanxi Province were used as test crops to study their differences in yield and nutrient use efficiency at different nutrient inputs by a two-year field experiment in Northwest China. The obtained results showed that winter wheat yield and biomass increased significantly with the increase of nutrient inputs, and the high-yielding varieties were more sensitive to the nutrient inputs than the low-yielding varieties. Analyzing yield components revealed that, in the low nutrient inputs condition, the yield depended on panicles per unit area and grain number per spike, but panicles per unit area dominated the yield in high nutrient inputs condition. In the low nutrient inputs condition, nitrogen recovery efficiency, agronomic use efficiency and partial factor productivity of the high-yielding varieties were 6.3% ~ 61.6% , 52.1% ~ 122% and 9.8% - 25% respectively, higher than those of the low-yielding varieties. Phosphorus recovery efficiency, agronomic use efficiency and partial factor productivity of the high-yielding varieties were 31.2% - 33.3% , 58.9% ~ 126.3% , 7.0% -24. 9% respectively, higher than those of the low-yielding varieties. Nitrogen and phosphorous partial productivity significantly decreased with the increase of nutrient inputs, and the low-yielding varieties were more sensitive to fertilization input than the high-yielding varieties.

关 键 词：冬小麦 养分投入 产量差异 氮效率 磷效率 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]