中国海域海洋细菌分布特征分析  

Distribution characteristics of marine bacteria in the China seas

作　　者：马聪[1] 陈昌国[1] 蒋学兵[2] 李丹丹[3] 刘敏[1] 郝秀红[1] 马学斌[1] 钱扬会[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军总医院检验科,北京100048 [2]海军总医院输血科,北京100048 [3]南方医科大学研究生院,广州510515

出　　处：《解放军医学杂志》2012年第9期909-913,共5页Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：全军指令性课题(2005Z018)~~

摘　　要：目的了解我国海域主要细菌种类及其分布特征。方法沿舰船航线用海水采样器对海面下1m左右的海水进行取样,行增菌、培养、鉴定及药敏试验。结果在中国4大海域共采集528份海水样本,获得海洋细菌145种共759株,主要包括弧菌、肠杆菌、非发酵菌、真菌、巴斯德菌、革兰阳性球菌、啮蚀艾肯菌、革兰阳性杆菌和厌氧菌等菌属。其中弧菌占52.9%,弧菌中溶藻弧菌、河流弧菌、副溶血弧菌占75%。4大海域中含量较多的溶藻弧菌、大肠埃希菌和副溶血弧菌分布无差别(P=0.071)。对中国4大海域的7种海洋细菌的分布行χ2检验,结果显示差异有统计学意义(P=0.0004)。渤海革兰阳性球菌分离率较高;啮蚀艾肯菌在黄海的分离率明显高于其他海域;东海以弧菌占绝对优势,占总分离株数的70.8%;南海较其他3大海域分离出较多真菌。各海域特有的海洋菌分布特点是种类多、数目少。自北向南,各海域分离数目最多的菌种分别为粪肠球菌、黄杆菌、沙鱼弧菌和无名假丝酵母。结论弧菌为中国海域分离率最高的优势细菌,厌氧菌及革兰阳性球菌含量极低。4大海域海洋细菌在分布上存在一定差异。Objective To investigate the main species of marine bacteria and their distribution characteristics in China seas.Methods Seawater samples were obtained from sea water about one meter below the sea level along the navigation course,and then the bacteria therein were enriched,cultured,identified and tested for drug sensitivity.Results A total of 528 seawater samples were collected from four seas of China,and 759 marine bacteria in 145 species were isolated.The isolates were mainly Vibro,Enterobacteriaceae,Nonfermenter,Fungi,Pasteurella,Gram positive cocci,Eikenella corrodens and Anaerobic bacteria.Vibrio accounted for 52.9% of the 759 strains of marine bacteria,among which Vibrio alginolyticus,Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus accounted for 75%.There was no significant difference in the quantity of Vibrio alginolyticus,Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus between the 4 sea areas（P=0.071）.Chi-square test showed that significant differences existed in the distribution of seven species of marine bacteria among the 4 China seas（P=0.0004）.The Gram-positive cocci were isolated more often in Bohai than from other seas;Eikenella corrodens were detected mostly in Yellow Sea;Vibrio were the predominant bacteria in East China sea,up to 70.8%;more Fungi were found in South China sea.The main features of specific bacteria isolated from the four sea areas was higher number of species with less quantity.From North to South,Enterococcus faecalis,Flavobacterium,Vibrio carchariae and C.famata were found to constitute the highest number.Conclusions In China seas,Vibrios are the dominant bacteria,and the numbers of Anaerobic bacteria and Gram-positive cocci are extremely low.There is a significant difference in the distribution of marine bacteria among 4 China seas.

关 键 词：细菌 微生物敏感性试验 海洋生物学 

分 类 号：Q939.1[生物学—微生物学]