寒地春玉米生长发育及产量对花前夜间增温的响应  

Responses of spring corn growth and yield in a cold area of China to field warming at nighttime during pre-anthesis stage

作　　者：钱春荣[1,2] 于洋[2] 赵杨[2] 宫秀杰[2] 姜宇博[2] 王俊河[2] 杨忠良[3] 张卫建[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学应用生态研究所,南京210095 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院五常水稻研究所,黑龙江五常150229 [4]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第9期2483-2488,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118601;2010CB951501);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C201008)资助

摘　　要：采用田间开放式夜间增温试验方法,研究雨养农区寒地春玉米生长发育及产量对花前夜间增温的响应.结果表明:夜间增温条件下,0～10cm耕层土壤夜间温度升高1.7℃,土壤水分略有下降;夜间增温使春玉米物候期明显提前,花前生育期缩短1d,花后生育期延长1d;夜间增温明显促进春玉米幼苗生长,提高根系长度,单株绿叶面积和棒三叶面积分别比对照提高13.5%和14.6%;与对照相比,春玉米地上生物量和籽粒产量分别显著增高8.2%和9.3%,百粒重显著增高7.1%.东北地区气候变暖尤其是日最低温度升高对春玉米的直接影响效应可能以增产为主.By using the facility for increasing free air temperature,a field experiment was conducted in a cold area of Northeast China to study the responses of the growth and yield of rain-fed spring corn to the field warming at nighttime during pre-anthesis stage.Under the field warming at nighttime,the nighttime temperature in 0-10 cm soil layer increased by 1.7 ℃,and the soil moisture content had a slight decrease.Nighttime warming advanced the spring corn phenophases obviously,shorted the pre-anthesis phase by 1 day,and prolonged the post-anthesis phase by 1 day.Nighttime warming also promoted the corn seedlings growth and the root length.Comparing with those in un-warming treatment,green leaf area and three-ear-leave area in nighttime warming treatment increased by 13.5% and 14.6%,and the aboveground biomass,grain yield,and 100-grain mass increased significantly by 8.2%,9.3%,and 7.1%,respectively.It was suggested that the climate warming（especially the nighttime warming） in Northeast China could improve spring corn growth,and directly affect the corn yield.

关 键 词：气候变暖 东北 春玉米 田间增温 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]