古菌细胞膜脂在古菌群落组成及其对环境响应研究中的应用  

Applications of archaeal membrane lipids in investigating archaeal community composition and its responses to environmental factors

作　　者：曹鹏[1,2] 沈菊培[1] 贺纪正[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第9期2609-2616,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41025004);中国科学院"生态系统过程与服务"创新团队计划项目资助

摘　　要：古菌作为区别于细菌和真核生物的第3种生命形式广泛分布于各种生境,与碳、氮等元素的生物地球化学循环密切相关,在整个生态系统中具有重要作用.古菌细胞膜脂作为古菌重要的生物标志物,在其群落组成和对环境变化响应的研究中具有重要指示作用.本文介绍了古菌细胞膜脂的结构特征及不同古菌类群间细胞膜脂结构差异,用以表征古菌群落的组成特征.环境中细胞膜脂丰度可反映古菌生物量,并可与基于DNA的分子生物学手段在结果准确性、分析效率和经济成本方面互补和互证.在重点介绍应用古菌细胞膜脂分析古菌群落组成和丰度的难点和重要性的基础上,结合影响古菌群落变化的环境因子如温度和pH,进一步阐述古菌与所处生境的关系,分析古菌群落演化过程及其在地球化学和地质历史事件研究方面的应用前景.Archaea,as the third life form distinct from bacteria and eukaryota,widely distribute in various kinds of habitats,and play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen and in ecosystem functioning.As the biomarker of archaea,archaeal membrane lipids can be used to investigate the archaeal community composition and its responses to the environment.This paper introduced the structural characteristics of archaeal membrane lipids and the differences in the membrane lipids composition among different archaeal communities,and discussed the feasibility of using archeal membrane lipids in depicting archaeal community composition.The abundance of archaeal membrane lipids in the environment could be used to characterize the biomass of archaea,and the related results could complement and ascertain each other with the DNA-based bio-molecular approaches on the accuracy,analysis efficiency,and cost.Based on the description of the difficulties and importance of using archaeal membrane lipids to analyze the composition and abundance of archaeal communities,and by linking to the environmental factors such as temperature and pH that affected the archaeal community composition,the relationships between archaea and their habitats were further expatiated,and the evolution process of archaeal communities and its application prospects in the studies of geochemistry and geological events were analyzed.

关 键 词：古菌 细胞膜脂 甘油二烷基甘油四醚化合物 泉古菌醇 TEX86 PH 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]