论“欧盟航空减排指令”的域外管辖问题及中国的对策  

The Issue of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of EU's Inclusion of Aviation in the ETS and China's Countermeasure

作　　者：张华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]中德法学研究所

出　　处：《国际论坛》2012年第5期1-6,79,共6页International Forum

基　　金：作者主持的教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"欧盟对外关系法与中欧关系的和谐发展"(项目编号:11YJC820164)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：出于减少温室气体排放的目的,欧盟将航空业纳入了"温室气体排放交易机制"。但"欧盟航空减排指令"的相关规定对第三国的航空器产生了域外管辖的效果,有侵犯他国主权之嫌。域外管辖问题在国际法上存在一定的争论,实践中各国往往基于不同的理由为其法律的域外管辖效果进行辩解。在"美国航空运输协定案"中,欧洲法院依据属地理由和"后果主义",试图维护"欧盟航空减排指令"之域外管辖效果的合法性,但其法律推理难具说服力,因而不能排除欧盟单边措施违反国际法的客观事实。依据国际法和欧盟法,中国可以从单边、双边和多边层面采取各种应对措施,以迫使欧盟改变其指令中的不合理规定。With the aim of combating climate change,EU includes the aviation activities in the Emission Trading System('ETS').However,some provisions of Directive 2008/101/EC will produce the effect of extraterritorial jurisdiction,which could violate the sovereignty principle.Extraterritorial jurisdiction is quite controversial in general international law,and in practice,states may draw on different doctrines to defend its legality.In the Case ATA and Others,ECJ determines the legality of Directive 2008/101/EC in terms of ratione loci and effect doctrine,while its legal reasoning is not so persuasive,and therefore,the fact cannot be totally ignored that Directive 2008/101/EC violates international law in several aspects.To conclude,China may take different measures to make EU amend those unjustifiable provisions of Directive 2008/101/EC.

关 键 词：航空减排 域外管辖 欧洲法院 欧盟法 国际法 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]