胡杨雌、雄树物候特征差异比较研究  

Phenological characteristics of female and male trees of Populus euphratica Oliv

作　　者：买尔燕古丽.阿不都热合曼 艾里西尔.库尔班 玉米提.哈力克 阿布都米吉提.阿布利克木 段含明[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院/新疆绿洲生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [4]西华师范大学国土资源学院,南充637002

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2012年第10期97-102,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金"基于时间轨迹的塔里木河下游自然植被变化过程研究"(201211A57);国家自然科学基金项目"基于高分辨率QuickBird影像的塔里木河下游胡杨林长势变化生态监测研究"(30760050)资助

摘　　要：以塔里木河下游胡杨为研究对象,对雌、雄株胡杨的开花期、展叶期、第一次展叶期、第二次展叶期、果熟期、叶黄期及落叶期分别进行观测并对其物候特征的时空差异进行分析。结果表明:除雌、雄株胡杨的落叶期以外,其余的物候期均有差异。雌、雄株胡杨同时开花,但个体上下部分和雌、雄个体之间存在时空差异,开花期重叠较长,雌株开花期持续时间比雄株长3天,雄株花粉能被充分利用,有利于雌花授粉。雌株胡杨比雄株早7天展叶,雌株叶子要尽快地进行光合作用生产营养物质,提供果实生长发育所需要的能量,从而保证胡杨顺利完成生殖过程。胡杨果实成熟发生时间有很大程度的不一致性,并果熟期的持续时间也有很大差异。胡杨种子生命力很低,如长达4个多月的果熟期与塔里木河下游生态输水时间相吻合,并执行漫溢式放水措施,有利于更多种子的传播、着床萌发。胡杨雌株叶黄期比雄株早,表明雌株胡杨受到的干旱胁迫强度比雄株大。雌、雄株胡杨的落叶期几乎没有差异。以上胡杨的物候特征是对环境条件适应所形成的一种生殖策略。Six phenological characters,anthesis,first foliation,second foliation,fruit maturity,leaf coloration and defoliation of female and male trees of Populus euphratica Oliv.in the lower reaches of Tarim River were studied and its temporal and spatial difference were analyzed.Except the defoliation stage,all of the other phenological stages are different between the female and male trees.Though female and male trees flower at the same time,but there are temporal and spatial flowering differences between both of the upper and lower part of one individual and female and male trees.Overlap period of flowering stage of female and male trees is long.The duration of flowering stage of female trees is 3 days longer than male,conducive to pollination.The foliation stage of female trees is earlier than male for 7 days,female trees produce leaf as soon as possible and produce nutrient through photosynthesis to provide the growth of fruit and complete the reproduction successfully.There are differences of the fruit maturity stage and fruit growth period among female and male trees.The viability of P.euphratica seed is very low.If the maturity stage of P.euphratica for more than four months is coincidence with emergency water transport and maximize the inundated area,it will more conducive to seed dispersal,germination and seedling.The leaf coloration stage of female trees is earlier than male,showing that drought tolerance of male trees is stronger than female.There is almost no difference between the defoliation stage of female and male trees.These phenological characters of P.euphratica are the reproductive strategy to adapt the environmental conditions.

关 键 词：塔里木河 胡杨 雌株 雄株 物候 

分 类 号：Q948.112.4[生物学—植物学]