南方红壤区稻-稻连作体系下氮肥减施模式研究  

On the Mode of Nitrogen-reduction in Double-rice Cropping Region in Red Soil Area of South China

作　　者：侯红乾[1,2] 冀建华[1,2] 刘光荣[1,2] 刘益仁[1,2] 刘秀梅[1,2] 程正新[3] 杨俊诚[4] 文石林[5] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200 [2]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330200 [3]江西省农业科学院农业应用微生物研究所,江西南昌330200 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [5]中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站,湖南祁阳426l82

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2012年第5期555-562,共8页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家973计划资助项目(2007CB109308;2010CB951502);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD41B01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31101603);农业部作物营养与施肥重点实验室开放基金资助项目;江西省科技支撑计划资助项目(2009BNA08800)

摘　　要：进行了连续3年6季的定位试验,比较了不施氮(N0)、常规施氮(NNL)2个对照处理与6个氮肥减施处理对双季稻产量及其构成因素、经济效益、土壤肥力水平的影响。结果表明,在低于传统施氮量20%的条件下,30%常规氮肥用量+50%厩肥有机氮肥用量(30F+50M)、30%常规氮肥用量+50%缓释氮肥用量(30F+50S)产量与NNL持平,比80%传统氮肥用量(80F)分别增产4.7%和5.2%;其余减施氮肥处理与80F产量基本持平。产量构成因子在不同施氮处理之间有明显差异,其中有效穗数、每穗粒数与产量正相关,结实率与产量负相关。经过3年6季水稻种植,土壤肥力除有效钾外,处理30F+50M有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量和pH值分别比NNL处理提高了21.3%、7.0%、34.7%、4.9%、4.1%。其中,有机质、有效磷含量、pH值均显著高于80F处理。其余各减施氮肥处理与80F相比无显著差异。因此,在南方双季稻连作区,在减少施氮20%的条件下,30F+50M、30F+50S是值得推荐的施肥措施。The grain yield and its components, economic benefits and soil fertility level were compared under eight treatments, namely zero nitrogen （N0）, normal nitrogen level （NNL）, 80% NNL （chemical fertilizers ）and 20% farmyard manure （80F＋ 20M）, 80 % NNI. （chemical fertilizers）, 30 % NNL（chemical fertilizers ） and 50 % farmyard manure （30F＋50M）, 30% NNL（ehemical fertilizers） and 500/00 controlled-release nitrogen （30F＋50S）, 30% NNI. （chemical fertilizers） and 50% green manure nitrogen in early rice and 80% NNL（chemical fertilizers ）and fresh rice straw in late rice, and 80% controlled-release nitrogen in a 3-year location test in South Jiangxi Province of China with the same Pand K application levels. Under 30F＋50Mtreatment and 30F＋50Streatment, the grain yield were 4.7% and 5. 2% higher than that in 80F, respectively, equal to NNL treatment. There was obvious difference in yield components factors among different nitrogen treatments. The effective panicle number per hectare and the spikelet number per panicle were significantly positively correlated with grain yield and seed setting rate was negatively correlatrrd with grain yield. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH value in treatment 30F ＋ 50M were higher than that in NNL treatment by 21.3%, 7.0%, 34. 7%, 4. 9% and 4. 1%. The organic matter, available phosphorus, pH value were significantly higher than that in 80F treatment. There was no significant difference in other nitrogen reduction treatment compared with 80F treatment. Therefore, 30F ＋ 50M, 30F ＋ 50S were recommended as the methods of fertilizer application with nitrogen reduction of 20% in double-rice cropping region in South China.

关 键 词：氮肥减施 施肥模式 产量 经济效益 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]