小金海棠实生后代耐缺铁性状分离分析  

Segregation of tolerance to iron deficiency in apomictic and hybrid progeny of Malus xiaojinensis

作　　者：徐连生[1] 王磊[1] 王然[1] 王忆[1] 张新忠[1] 许雪峰 韩振海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺植物研究所/北京市果树逆境生理和分子生物学重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《果树学报》2012年第5期770-775,I0001,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203075);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28)

摘　　要：【目的】采用直接鉴定的方法,对四倍体小金海棠(高耐缺铁,兼性无融合生殖)×山定子(不耐缺铁)杂交后代实生群体中杂种、重组型无融合生殖及非重组型无融合生殖等不同倍性的后代单株的耐缺铁性状进行评价,对筛选高耐缺铁新种质和培育抗缺铁砧木有重要的指导意义。【方法】通过观察叶片黄化情况以及测定铁含量和SPAD(土壤、作物分析仪器开发,Soil and Plant Analyzer Development)值,比较沙培-滴灌条件下小金海棠无融合生殖后代与小金海棠×山定子杂种后代的耐缺铁能力,并分析其分离情况。【结果】结果表明,小金海棠无融合生殖后代耐缺铁能力基本保持,但仍表现出与倍性相关的多样性分离;杂种后代耐缺铁能力不及无融合生殖后代,杂种后代中三倍体分离更广泛,出现耐缺铁后代比率更高;小金海棠耐缺铁性状为多基因控制的隐性性状。并筛选出若干优异的个体。【结论】小金海棠实生后代耐缺铁性状分离复杂,通过杂交育种得到兼有小金海棠与其他优良砧木品种优良性状的杂种可能性虽小却并非不可能。[Objective] In this study, we evaluated the resistance to iron deficiency of hybrid type, restituted apomictic type and non-restituted apomictic type in seeding progeny population from tetraploid Malus xiaojinensis （iron-efficient, facultative apomixis） xM. baccata （iron-inefficient） by using direct identification method, which would be helpful to screen new germplasm and rootstocks with high resistance to iron dificieney. [Method] The experiments were designed to survey the tolerance to iron deficiency and segregation pattern of the apomictic progeny of M. xiaojinensis and hybrid progeny of M. xiaojinensis xM. baccata through observing chlorisis situation and measuring their iron content, SPAD（Soil and Plant Ana- lyzer Development） Reading under sand culture-trickle irrigation conditions. [Result] Results showed that the ability of tolerance to iron deficiency in apomictic progeny mainly remained unchanged, but still displayed segregation related to ploidy. The ability of tolerance to iron deficiency of hybrid progeny was inferior to that of apomictic progeny, and segregation of triploid hybrid was wider than that of the others, and there appeared higher percentage of individual tolerant to iron deficiency. These results indicate that the ability of tolerance to iron deficiency is a recessive trait controlled by several genes. [Conclusion]The separation of resistance to iron dificiency in seeding progeny population from Malus xiaojinensis is complex, and the probability is low to get excellent hybrids which combine high resistance to iron deficiency from M. xiaojinensis with other outstanding characteristics form other rootstocks.

关 键 词：小金海棠 缺铁 无融合生殖 杂种 多倍体 黄化指数 

分 类 号：S661.19[农业科学—果树学]