设施栽培‘峰后’葡萄营养元素和水分吸收规律研究  

Study on absorption of nutrient elements and water of protectively cultivated ‘Fenghou' grape

作　　者：刘爱玲[1] 何建军[1] 王磊[1] 李节法[1] 许文平[1] 张才喜[1] 王振平[2] 王世平[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240 [2]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《果树学报》2012年第5期852-860,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-30-ZP-7)

摘　　要：【目的】为探明葡萄树各生长发育阶段的肥水需求规律,【方法】以珍珠岩培7 a生‘峰后’葡萄为试材,循环供给Hoagland配方营养液,研究了高(N:180 mg.L-1)、中(N:120 mg.L-1)、低(N:60 mg.L-1)营养液浓度下,N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、B、Zn、Cu和水分的周年吸收谱以及主要物候期叶片和浆果中矿质元素含量,并测定了树体生长和果实发育状况。【结果】结果表明,萌芽后随着新梢的快速生长,各种必需营养元素的吸收量快速增加,日均吸收量的最大值大都出现在果粒快速膨大到成熟期间,其间各种营养元素的吸收量占到全年吸收量的60%～70%。以新梢生长中庸、果实品质最佳的供给浓度(N:120 mg.L-1)处理树的吸收量及叶面积换算,666.7 m2各种营养元素和水的全年净吸收量为Ca 29.40 kg、N 18.35 kg、K 15.42 kg、Mg 4.97 kg、P 1.76 kg、Fe 106.87 g、B 32.76 g、Mn 19.73 g、Cu 11.10 g、Zn9.78 g和水210.97 m3。叶片中也以N和Ca的含量最高,其次为K、P、Mg。除K外,矿质元素在果实中的含量都低于叶片。【结论】确定了设施栽培葡萄各生长发育阶段营养元素的吸收谱和吸收总量,可供葡萄园肥水管理和葡萄专用肥料的开发作参考。[Objective]The study is to elucidate the nutrition and water absorption of grapevine [Method] The experimental material was 7-year-old Fenghou grapevine cultivated in perlite medium which could supply recycling Hoagland nutrient solution of high, medium and low concentrations （N concentration are 180 mg· L^（-1）, 120 mg·L^（-1） and 60 mg·L^（-1） respectively）, the absorption of water and elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn and Cu was investigated, and the contents of mineral elements in leaves and fruits in main phenophase were also analyzed. Meanwhile, the growth of grapevine stem and development of fruits were observed. [Result]The results revealed that： the absorption of nutrient elements increased with the growth of shoots after budbreak; the maximum daily absorption amount appeared in the period from the rapid expansion to maturity of berry, the total absorption amount of each element in this period took up as much as 60 to 70 percent of that in a whole year; In leaf, N and Ca contents were the highest while K, P and Mg were the second. Contents of all elements except K in fruit were lower than that in leaf. Under the condition of N 120 mg·L^（-1）, the grapevine had medium shoot growth and the best fruit quality, and the net absorbing amount of each element for one Mu （666.7 m2） was ： Ca：29.40 kg, N： 18.35 kg, K： 15.42 kg, Mg：4.97 kg, P：1.76 kg, Fe：106.87 g, B：32.76 g, Mn：19.73 g, Cu：ll.10 g, Zn：9.78 g and water：210.97 m^3. [Conclusion] The results can be used as a reference for fertilization and irrigation in vineyard and fertilizer development for grape.

关 键 词：'峰后’葡萄 设施栽培 营养元素 生长发育 水 吸收量 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]