牛蒡子杀柑橘全爪螨活性成分的分离与鉴定  

Isolation and identification of compound with acaricidal activity from Fructus arctii against Panonychus citri

作　　者：胡军华[1] 马丽娜[1,2] 姚廷山[1] 冉春[1] 刘浩强[1] 李鸿筠[1] 雷慧德[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑橘研究所,柑橘学重点实验室,重庆400712 [2]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《果树学报》2012年第5期905-910,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：公益性行业专项(201103020)

摘　　要：【目的】为了探明牛蒡子杀柑橘全爪螨的活性成分,【方法】采用杀螨活性追踪、溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析、紫外吸收、颜色反应、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)等方法研究牛蒡子乙醇提取物对柑橘全爪螨的抑制作用,并分离和鉴定其杀螨活性成分。【结果】结果表明,牛蒡子组分L1-2杀柑橘全爪螨的活性最高,触杀毒力高达0.002 5 g.L-1;组分L1-2中含有共轭双键或三键化合物,主要包括十六碳烷酸甲酯、十八烷酸甲酯、三十烷酸甲酯、三十一烷酸甲酯、十八碳二烯酸甲酯等9种主要成分,总含量达到85.32%,还有少量醛类、烯醇、烯烃类物质。【结论】牛蒡子杀柑橘全爪螨的活性成分主要为脂肪酸类物质。[Objective]The objective of the study is to elucidate the compound with acaricidal activity from Fructus Arctii against Panonychus citri. [Method]The active ingredient of the ethanol extract of Fructus A rctii was separated by different polarity solvent extraction, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, determination of the contact toxicity of different components. [Result]By the leaf impregnation bioassay, L1-2 was the strongest activity, and the contact toxicity was up to 0.002 5 g·L^（-1） against Panonychus citri. UV absorption by the reaction and color identification proved that L1-2 contains conjugated double bonds or three bonds. The chemical composition of L1-2 potation was analyzed by the GC- MS - liquid mass spectrometry. It was determined that 9 compounds, in which represented 85.32% of total content, were present in the unsaturated fatty substances. The essential oils contained mainly octadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic methyl este, pentadecanoic methyl ester, triacontanoic methyl ester, 9- octadecanoic methyl ester, 8-octadecanoic methyl ester, 11-octadecanoic methyl ester, 8,11-octadecanoic methyl ester, 7,10-octadecanoic methyl ester, 6,9-octadecanoic methyl ester, 10, 13-octadecanoic methyl ester, 9,12-octadecanoic methyl ester, 8,11-octadecanoic methyl ester and 10,13-oc- tadecanoic methyl ester. There was a small amount of aldehyde, enol and olefin-type material. [Conclusion]The studies suggested that the compounds with acaricidal activity are fatty acids mainly from Fructus A rctii against Panonychus cirri. Fructus A rctii is common medicinal herb and rich in resources. In its volatile oil is considered the nutritional value, can be relatively safe as a source of botanical pesticides. The activity of unsaturated fatty acids such as 9,12-octadecanoic acid were reported firstly. The development and utilization of fatty acids of Fructus arctii and the creation of novel botanical acaricide whose ingredient is major in fatty acids is of great significance.

关 键 词：柑橘全爪螨 牛蒡子 活性成分 杀螨活性 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]