秸秆覆盖免耕储水灌溉对春小麦耗水特征及灌溉水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Storage Irrigation by No-tillage with Stubble Mulch on Water Consumption and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat

作　　者：张金霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2012年第5期1501-1506,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展"863"计划项目(2002AA2Z4191);甘肃省省长基金项目(RS015-A41-006)资助

摘　　要：在河西走廊的黑河流域中心试验站进行了秸秆覆盖免耕(NTS)储水灌溉对春小麦耗水特征及灌溉水分利用效率影响的试验研究。结果表明:①就春小麦全生育期耗水情况来看,NTS并没有减少土壤水分的消耗,只使春小麦的耗水在时间和空间上有所改变;②NTS的全生育期日均耗水量最高,而全年的日均耗水量最低,这主要是由NTS在休闲期时明显的保墒作用所导致;③为获取高产和提高灌溉水分利用效率,耕作方式为NTS且冬季储水定额为1 200m3.hm-2的处理是最优的;④随着储水定额的增大,全生育期和全年的日均耗水量增大,而灌溉水分利用效率递减。若仅仅为提高节水效率和灌溉水分利用效率可以将冬季储水定额减少到750m3.hm-2。Abstract： The effect of storage irrigation by no-tillage with stubble mulch on water consumption and irriga- tion water use efficiency of spring wheat was studied at Heihe River Center Experimental Station in Hexi Corridor. Results showed that： （1） As for the whole growing stage, compared with other tillage methods, no-tillage with stubble mulch didn＇t reduce soil water consumption of spring wheat but changed the spatio- temporal pattern of water consumption. （2） The mean daily water consumption under no-tillage with stubble mulch was the highest with respect to the whole growing stage, but it was the minimum with respect to the whole year because no-tillage with stubble mulch preserved much soil moisture during no-cultivation stage. （3） To obtain high yield and improve irrigation water use efficiency, the treatment of no-tillage with stubble mulch tillage with water storage of 1 200 m3. hm-2 in winter was the best. （4） During the whole growing stage and the whole year, the mean daily water consumption increased and irrigation water use efficiency decreased when the storage irrigation amounts in efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency, the winter increased. So, if only for improving water saving storage irrigation amount in winter should be reduced to 750 m3 · hm-2.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖免耕 储水灌溉 耗水特征 产量 灌溉水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S071[农业科学]