旱地小麦休闲期深翻覆盖对幼苗生长特性的影响及施氮量的调控效应  

Effect of Deep Plowing Mulching at Fallow Stage on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Regulatory Effects of N Application Rates

作　　者：温斐斐[1] 孙敏[1] 任爱霞[1] 赵红梅[1] 李光[1] 高志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2012年第9期950-953,972,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费;公益性行业科研专项经费(200903007-10);国家自然科学基金项目(31101112);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2009037);山西省青年基金项目(2010021028-3)

摘　　要：采用大田试验方法,研究旱地小麦休闲期深翻覆盖对幼苗生长特性的影响及施氮量的调控效应。结果表明,旱地小麦休闲期深翻、深施有机肥后,起垄覆盖可提高越冬期0～60 cm土壤蓄水量,可显著增加高氮(HN)条件下越冬期株高、分蘖数、单株叶面积和单株干物质量,可增加HN条件下越冬期幼苗根系活力和植株含氮率,且与不起垄覆盖、不覆盖处理间差异显著;起垄覆盖和全膜覆盖可显著降低越冬期植株可溶性糖含量。结果还表明,增加施氮量,可提高起垄覆盖、全膜覆盖条件下0～60 cm土壤蓄水量、分蘖数和主茎叶龄,可显著提高这2种覆盖处理下的单株叶面积、单株干物质量;增加施氮量还可提高起垄覆盖、全膜覆盖条件下根系活力和氮素积累量、可溶性糖含量。总之,旱地小麦休闲期深翻+深施有机肥条件下,采用起垄覆盖或全膜覆盖的栽培措施可增加土壤蓄水量;同时,适当增加施氮量有利于旱地小麦的生长。Field test was carried out to study effect of deep plowing mulching at fallow stage to wheat growth under dryland condition and the regulation effect of the nitrogen application rates. The results showed that： for the dryland wheat under deep plowing ＋ film mulching and deep organic fertihzation in fallow periods, ridge mulching （C2） could improve the soil water storage the over-wintering period at the depth of 0 - 60 cm, could significantly improve plant height, tiller number, Leaf area and the plant weight in the condition of high nitrogen, could improve seedling root activity and plant nitrogen content in the condition of high nitrogen, and difference is significantly with that of non ridge mulching （C1）and non mulching （C4）; ridge mulching （C2） and the film mulching （C3） could reduce the soluble sugar content and nitrogen accumulation significantly. The results also showed that, nitrogen increasing could improve the soil water storage at the depth of 0 - 60 cm, tiller number and the main stem in the condition of ridge mulching （ C2 ） and the film mulching （C3）, Leaf area and the plant weight significantly in the condition of mulching （C2） and the film mulching （C3）; nitrogen accumulation and seedling root activity could be increased under nitrogen increasing in the condition of mulching （C2） and the film mulching （C3）, but soluble sugar content could be improved at the mean time. In one word, deep plowing ＋ film mulching in fallow periods ＋ low nitrogen could improve soil water storage and promote the growth of wheat.

关 键 词：旱地小麦 覆盖 施氮量 幼苗 生长特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]