人类干扰导致的草原不同程度退化对繁殖鸟类多样性的影响  

Influence of Degradation Level by Human Interference on the Steppe Avian Diversity

作　　者：刘子成[1] 李乐[2] 万冬梅[2] 赵匠[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学环境学院,沈阳110036 [2]辽宁大学生命科学学院,沈阳110036 [3]吉林师范大学生命科学学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《四川动物》2012年第5期720-724,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31071927)

摘　　要：在自然生态系统中,鸟类常能迅速感受到环境条件的变化,对生态平衡及自然环境质量起着指示剂的作用。2001年4～6月间在松辽平原西北部的图牧吉-北大岗贝加尔针茅Stipa bacailensis草原地区,选取3块不同退化程度的草地进行繁殖鸟类多样性的调查。调查中共记录到19种繁殖鸟类,隶属于8目14科,其中以雀形目百灵科鸟类的数量为最多;在3块样地中,未退化草原植被生长状况较好,轻度退化草原植物种类较多,中度退化草原为三者中最差;随着草原退化程度的加剧,鸟类物种多样性逐渐降低,均匀性指数在0.81～0.86之间,单一的草原生境类型使鸟类的群落结构十分相似,群落间的相似性指数达到80%以上。In the nature ecosystems, avian respond to the change of environmental conditions rapidly. Thus, they may act as an indicator of ecological and natural quality. In this study, the avian diversity was investigated at three plots based on degradation levels in Stipa baicalensis steppe of Tumuji-Beidagang of the north-west Songliao plain, northeastern China fi＇om April to June in 2001. The results showed that vegetation condition was the most appropriate in the plot without any degrada- tion, plant species richness was the highest in slightly degraded plot, and is the worst in moderate degraded steppe of all. Totally, 19 breeding avian species belonging to 14 families of 8 orders were recorded, and species of Alaudidae was the common species in the three spots. Avian species diversity gradually reduced with the intensity of steppe degradation. Even- ness index ranged from 0.81 to 0.86. Homogenized steppe habitat type led to similar avian diversity. The similarity index was above 80% between any two plots.

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 草原退化 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] Q959.7