舞阳贾湖墓葬的统计学初步分析  

Statistical analysis of the tombs of Jiahu site,Wuyang

作　　者：段天璟[1] 张华[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,吉林长春30012 [2]吉林大学图书馆,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2012年第3期100-107,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(10YJC780006);教育部留学归国人员科研启动基金项目资助;吉林大学基本科研业务费资助。(2010JC004)

摘　　要：本工作旨在了解贾湖单人墓随葬品数量与墓主人性别、年龄以及墓葬分期之间的关系。根据墓葬样本的实际情况,本工作使用t-检验、单因素和双因素方差分析的方法进行了初步的统计学分析。结果显示,贾湖墓葬随葬品总量与性别无关,但与墓主人的死亡年龄有关,壮年随葬品较丰富。同时,随葬品数量受到性别和死亡年龄的交互影响比较显著,女性少年儿童的随葬品数量最多,男性壮年的随葬品次之。从随葬品的种类上看,除少年儿童组最多外,女性壮年墓葬占有石制品最多;男性壮年墓葬占有骨、牙制品最多。本工作还发现陶器和骨、牙制品的数量在不同时期存在着较显著变化,第二期时骨、牙制品和陶制品的数量较多。本工作认为,女孩随葬品数量较多的情况可能与母系氏族社会重女习俗有关,不同性别的壮年侧重随葬不同质地的物品则可能暗示着贾湖先民们已经出现了一定程度的社会分工,陶和骨、牙制品在第二期时比较丰富的现象可能与这一时期渔猎采集活动较活跃有关。The main aim of this project was to investigate the relationship between funerary object numbers found in single tombs and the sex, the age of the deceased and the period of the tomb. Based on the actual situation, statistical analysis was carried out using different methods, such as the t - test, chi - squared test and between - subjects effects test. The results suggested that the total quantity of funerary objects is not related to the sex of the deceased, but to the owner＇s age at death： those died in their prime had more objects. There are notable correlations between total quantity and the deceased person＇s sex and age： female children had the most articles, followed by males in their prime. The young and children had the most in total, females in their prime had more stone objects, and males in their prime had more bone and tooth objects. The quantity of pottery, bone and tooth objects varied signifi- cantly with the tomb period was found also. During period II, there are more pottery, bone and tooth objects. The research results suggested that the larger quantity of funerary objects found in female children＇s tomb could be ex- plained assuming that females were valued higher in a matriarchal society. The reason females and males in their prime had different categories of funerary objects could possibly be interpreted on the basis of the division of labor among those ancestors who lived in Jiahu area. The higher quantities of pottery, bone and tooth objects found in period Ⅱ tombs might be related to active hunting and gathering behavior during this period.

关 键 词：新石器时代 贾湖 墓葬 统计 分析 

分 类 号：K871.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]