刑事正义的宣谕——宽容  

Pronouncement of Criminal Justice:Tolerance

作　　者：孙万怀[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2012年第5期79-92,共14页Global Law Review

摘　　要：在国家刑事立法和司法权的运作过程中,人们往往重视正义性和合法性的要求。但是,除此之外,还应满足一定的道德约束,宽容则是道德约束的重要内容。在宽严相济刑事司法政策的时代内涵中,鉴于对严打政策的修正,宽容正在或理应成为主要的取向。中国古代在忠恕思想的指引下,刑法的适用往往具有宽和与容恕的色彩,尤其是在法律伦理化之后,宽容的理念逐渐起步,并为权力所认可,进而成为权力行使者心中的道德律。在西方,宽容主要体现为宗教和法律的宽容,并成为西方法治发展的一个重要成果。虽然我国刑事政策的宽容要求实际上是中国古代自有观念的重拾,但西方刑事宽容的实践无疑可以为我们提供借鉴。在刑法的"合法性"要素缺损的时候,再一味追求法律规范的法定性,实质上就会出现权力对待犯罪的极度不宽容现象。宽容更深层次的意蕴是对真理和自由追求的结果,也是在高风险社会下管理手段创新的内在要求。就根源上讲,国家刑罚权的宽容是政治伦理的具体表达;而从其表现来看,司法宽容则是政策宽容的具体表达。If the national criminal powers use the legitimacy as the regular constraint, tol- erance will become the moral constraint on the national criminal powers. Under the period of the Criminal judicial Policy of Temper Justice with Mercy, tolerance is or should become the major o- rientation. Rule of criminal law contained tolerance and forgiveness under the guidance of forbear- ance thought in ancient China. Especially after the ethics was poured into the law, the concept of tolerance was rising up and recognized by the authority. Combined with ethics, the standard formed the moral principle of personified power. Tolerance reflects in both religion and the rule of law in the west, especially when the defect in the legal Legitimacy factor, the blind pursuit of an empirical legal effect will bring up the extreme intolerance of power. The deeper implication of tol- erance is the result of pursuing the truth and the freedom, as well as the inherent requirement of the innovation of management methods under the high-risk social. Tolerance is a political ethics, the personalization of power and the moral obligation of the criminal policy. Judicial tolerance is the concrete expression of the power of personalization and criminal policy. Actually, the meaning of the Criminal Policy of Temper Justice with Mercy contains such a way of interpretation. But the thought of system is not yet complete degenerate, at the same time, saddled with the shell of using criminal law as a tool.

关 键 词：道德约束 宽恕 刑事法治 司法宽容 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]