肥料用改性聚乙烯醇包覆膜的制备及其性能的研究  

Preparation and properties of modified polyvinyl alcohol film for encapsulation of fertilizer

作　　者：于洋[1] 邹洪涛[1] 王剑[1] 徐萌[1] 刘洋[1] 张玉龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,农业部东北土壤与环境重点开放实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2012年第5期1286-1292,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000936);中国博士后科学基金项目(20090450158);教育部重点项目(209032)资助

摘　　要：采用有机高分子聚合反应制备缓释肥料的膜材料,对其进行红外表征,并通过浸水试验测定其吸水率,确定最佳改性方案。同时,为了进一步验证包膜材料对肥料养分的缓释作用,通过土柱淋洗试验测定包膜肥料的养分释放量,并将日本包膜肥料LP40与自制包膜肥料HP的缓释性能进行比较。结果表明,环氧树脂中的环氧基团能与聚乙烯醇中的羟基发生醚化反应,减少分子中羟基数量,降低改性聚乙烯醇膜的吸水性;在20±2℃的去离子水中,改性聚乙烯醇膜浸水24 h后,最低吸水率为1152 g/kg,比等浓度纯聚乙烯醇低884 g/kg;聚乙烯醇浓度为70g/kg,环氧树脂的加入量为25 g/kg(按聚乙烯醇溶液质量计),反应温度为60℃,反应时间为2h,可得到吸水性较低的改性聚乙烯醇膜。自制包膜肥料HP具有一定的缓释效果,但与日本包膜肥料LP40相比缓释性能较差。The coating materials of slow release fertilizers were prepared by polymerization reaction between polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） and epoxy resin, and their structures were characterized by infrared ray. The water absorption of coatings was measured by the immersion test to determine the optimal modification scheme. In order to study the effect of coating materials, the nitrogen release of coated urea was investigated by a soil incubation method, and the effects of two coated fertilizers （LP40 and HP） are compared. The results show that etherification modified PVA is synthesized by reaction between epoxy groups and hydroxyl, which reduces the amounts of hydroxyls and the water absorption of the modified films. In deionizer water of 20±2℃, the water absorption of the modified film is 1152 g/kg, which is markedly reduced 884 g/kg compared with the pure PVA films. The concentration of PVA is 70 g/kg, the addition of epoxy resin is 25 g/kg（by mass of PVA solution）, the reaction temperature is 60℃, and the reaction time is 2 hours, the modified film leads to lower water absorption. The coated fertilizer HP is effective to decrease nitrogen release, but the slowrelease is poor compared with the LP40.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇 环氧树脂 膜 吸水率 缓释 

分 类 号：TQ325.9[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]