卫星超高速撞击解体碎片特性的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Characteristics of Satellite Breakup Debris

作　　者：柳森[1] 兰胜威[1] 马兆侠[1] 李毅[1] 黄洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所,绵阳621000

出　　处：《宇航学报》2012年第9期1347-1353,共7页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国防科工局空间碎片行动计划专题研究项目(kjsp-07401)

摘　　要：为了研究超高速撞击下卫星解体碎片的分布特性,在弹道靶上开展了三次模拟卫星的超高速撞击试验。发射铝合金钝锥弹丸以3.2km/s～4.2km/s的速度撞击模拟卫星,对解体碎片进行回收、测量和统计分析,结果表明:碎片累积数量与碎片特征尺寸/特征质量在对数坐标系中基本呈直线关系,且碎片尺寸分布和质量分布在形式上和规律上具有高度相似性。通过数据拟合得到了碎片尺寸和质量分布的具体函数形式,分析了碎片质量分布与尺寸分布之间的内在关系。将试验结果与NASA标准解体模型进行了比较,讨论了两者的差别及其原因。To study the characteristics of debris generated by satellite breakup, three hypervelocity impact tests for simulated satellites are carried out at the ballistic range. The simulated satellites are impacted by aluminum blunt nosed cone projectiles at velocities ranging from 3.2km/s to 4.2km/s. The breakup fragments are collected, weighed, size measured and catalogued. The test results show that： 1 ） the cumulative number of debris is expressed as a good linear relation to characteristic length or mass in logarithmic coordinates, 2） the debris size and mass distributions are very similar in basic forms and patterns. The expression formulas of size and mass distributions are established by data fitting, and the inherent relation between debris size and mass is analyzed. The test results are compared with NASA standard breakup model, and differences and reasons are discussed.

关 键 词：卫星解体 碎片特性 超高速撞击 

分 类 号：V414.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]